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The reason to split a funnel builder into 16 bounded contexts is not to reach a magic number. In this project, the author used the boundaries to isolate distinct responsibilities and interchangeable providers, while accepting more dependency wiring and coordination work. The design made sense for this system because it combined several external services with subsystems that did not share a workflow; it would be excessive for a simpler application with one integration and one coherent subsystem.
Why a funnel builder needed more than a checkout model
A funnel builder can look like a sequence of checkout, upsell, and thank-you pages. The author describes a broader system underneath: page editing, payments, ecommerce integration, advertising conversion events, email, coupons, analytics, abandoned-cart recovery, permissions, and AI media generation. These concerns shared a database, but the author says they did not necessarily share a domain model or a reason to change together.
That distinction drove the split. Sixteen was the shape of this particular project, not a target the author presents for other teams. The architectural question was whether each area could change independently and whether its dependencies could be kept explicit.
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The author’s rule is that one context does not directly import another. Contexts communicate through ports in a contracts layer, while a composition root connects those ports to implementations. Within each context, the described structure separates domain entities and value objects, application use cases and ports, and infrastructure adapters:
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domain/contains entities and value objects.application/contains use cases and ports.infra/contains adapters.
The point is dependency direction, not directory naming by itself. A provider adapter can implement a contract without making the business logic that calls the contract depend on that provider’s implementation.
What the author reports about enforcement
The article reports that 14 contexts had no references to another context. The messaging context had one type-only import of an identity-port interface, erased at compile time; order-fulfillment had one reference in a test file, not shipped code. The author summarizes the result as zero runtime cross-context imports.
The author also reports 395 non-test files across contexts and 52 files in the composition root. These are project-specific counts, not benchmarks. The article says the import check was a rerunnable shell pipeline, but the repository was not available for independent reproduction. The original article is attributed to “knot crochet,” posted Sep 29 and originally published at autonnel.com; the year is not established in the surfaced page.
What the boundaries enabled
Provider changes could stay local
The author describes a commerce-gateway context that sits between the application and Shopify, WooCommerce, and a self-hosted alternative. In the author’s account, adding a third backend required no changes outside that context. This is the practical payoff of a boundary when multiple implementations serve the same role: provider-specific changes need not spread through checkout and other business logic.
Payment behavior could vary behind one port
The article contrasts PayPal’s authorize-then-capture flow with Stripe’s charge-again flow. The author’s design put these behaviors in separate adapters behind one payment port, rather than scattering provider checks through order, email, and analytics code. The benefit is not that the providers behave identically, but that the variation has a designated home.
Use cases could be tested without a database
The author says constructor-injected ports let tests supply plain objects instead of a database-backed setup. This was a benefit discovered after implementation, rather than the original reason for the split. It illustrates how dependency boundaries can make application behavior easier to exercise in isolation.
What the architecture cost
Dependency wiring became its own work
The composition root contains 52 files, according to the author. New dependencies require factory edits, so the architecture does not remove complexity; it centralizes and makes some of it explicit. That can be worthwhile when integrations change independently, but it adds overhead to routine wiring.
Cross-context workflows needed coordinators
Consider a buyer accepting an upsell: the workflow touches checkout, payments, orders, and ecommerce. The author places this kind of coordination in the composition layer, where the context-boundary rule gives less guidance. Those coordinator files are consequently less principled than code with a clear home inside one context.
Boundary decisions kept recurring
The author gives two examples of choices that do not resolve themselves: whether discount codes belong to coupons or storefront-checkout, and whether email about a shipped order belongs to order-fulfillment or messaging. As features cross boundaries, someone must keep deciding where responsibility lives. The author describes that as an ongoing cost paid in attention, not a one-time design exercise.
The most important boundary was outside the 16 contexts
The author says the key decision was that the funnel system would not own the merchant’s catalog or inventory. It reads catalog information through the ecommerce gateway and writes completed sales back. The system owns its sale record, funnel, and the customer’s path, but does not maintain a competing inventory copy.
That boundary avoids taking responsibility for keeping a second inventory system synchronized and resolving conflicts. Without it, a stale local copy could make the funnel offer stock that the merchant no longer has. In this design, the merchant’s ecommerce system remains authoritative for catalog and inventory.
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The article’s alternative is not disorder; it is a well-organized services/ directory. The trade-off depends on how much provider variation and independent behavior the application actually has.
| Concern | Explicit contexts, contracts, and composition root | Well-organized services/ directory |
|---|---|---|
| Provider substitution | Can keep provider-specific implementations behind a contract; the author reports adding a commerce backend without changes outside its context. | May require fewer abstractions when there is only one integration; the article provides no measured substitution comparison. |
| Unrelated concerns | Separates subsystems that do not need to interact, such as the AI media generator and coupon engine in this project. | Can be simpler when the application is one coherent workflow; distinct concerns may be less formally isolated. |
| Test setup | Ports can be supplied with plain objects so use cases can run without a database, according to the author. | The article does not quantify test setup; a simpler code layout may avoid some interface and wiring overhead. |
| Dependency wiring | Requires a composition root and factory edits as dependencies are added; the author reports 52 composition-root files. | Likely involves less dedicated wiring for a small system, though the article gives no file-count comparison. |
| Cross-cutting workflows | Need explicit coordination when a workflow crosses contexts; the author says the composition layer can be harder to reason about. | May make a single workflow easier to follow in one place, depending on the organization of the code. |
| Boundary maintenance | Requires recurring decisions about ownership as features cross contexts. | Has fewer formal boundaries to maintain, but may offer less separation as independent concerns grow. |
| Finding behavior as a new developer | Offers defined places for responsibilities, but readers must learn the context map and wiring. | The author argues it may be faster for a new developer to locate relevant code in a simpler application. |
The author’s rule of thumb is conditional: multiple interchangeable providers in the same role, combined with genuinely unrelated subsystems in one deployment, can justify explicit boundaries. A single workflow with one integration and one coherent subsystem is more likely to be served by a simpler layout. These are experience-based criteria from this project, not universal thresholds.
A rule that can be checked is easier to enforce
The author writes, “A rule you can check in five seconds is a rule that survives; a rule in a README is a preference.” In this project, the import rule was paired with a check the author says could be rerun. That made the boundary observable rather than merely aspirational. The article does not establish an independently verified benchmark, but its central lesson is concrete: choose boundaries for real variation and responsibility, then make the dependency rule easy to inspect.
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