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EU rules allow qualifying browser developers to use an engine other than Apple’s WebKit on iPhones in the EU—but they do not switch every browser app to a different engine. Developers must meet Apple’s conditions, obtain an entitlement, and release an app version that uses the alternative engine. For users, the most visible change is a screen for choosing a default browser.

What the EU rules change—and what they do not

Apple says browser apps and apps offering qualifying in-app browsing experiences may use alternative engines on iOS and iPadOS in the EU. Apple’s March 2026 DMA compliance summary says the amended rules took effect on 16 September 2024. Apple’s developer guidance describes the entitlements and technical requirements; its DMA compliance summary describes the measures as part of its compliance with the EU Digital Markets Act.

This is permission subject to eligibility and technical safeguards, not a platform-wide replacement of WebKit. A developer must request and receive the relevant Apple entitlement, and the app must actually ship an alternative engine. Apple’s stated availability is for EU users on iOS 17.4 or later and iPadOS 18 or later; the iPad threshold is different from the iPhone threshold.

Dedicated browser apps

A browser app seeking to use its own engine needs Apple’s Web Browser Engine Entitlement. Apple says the app must be distributed solely on iOS and/or iPadOS in the EU, have the default-browser entitlement, meet its testing thresholds, and satisfy security and privacy requirements.

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In-app browsing

An app that provides an in-app browsing experience can request the Embedded Browser Engine Entitlement. Apple applies functional, security, and privacy conditions to this use as well. For embedded engines, Apple also requires the developer to submit an update within 15 calendar days after a new engine version becomes available. This is an update-submission deadline, not a promise that the update will reach every user within that period.

What iPhone users can see: the default-browser choice screen

Apple’s choice screen offers a way to select a default browser from eligible options. Apple says it appears the first time an EU user opens Safari on a supported iPhone or iPad. In its October 2024 update, Apple said that users whose default was Safari would see the screen after installing iOS 18.2 or iPadOS 18.2; users who had already chosen another default browser would not. Users can select an option on the screen, and the selected app may be downloaded and opened from there. See Apple’s browser choice-screen guidance.

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The screen is not a complete browser directory

Apple’s eligibility rules require an app to have a default-browser entitlement and web browsing as its primary purpose. It also sets prior-year user thresholds across EU storefronts: at least 5,000 iPhone users or 4,000 iPad users, depending on the platform. Apple selects up to 11 eligible browsers in addition to Safari, updates eligible lists once per calendar year, and randomizes their order on each user’s device. The country lists on the reviewed Apple page are labeled current as of November 2025, so they should not be treated as a live list for October 2026.

A listed app is not proof of an alternative engine

Apple says developers may opt to list their alternative-engine version, but the choice-screen country lists identify apps and publishers rather than specifying the engine in each release. An app’s name or appearance on the screen therefore does not establish that its current iPhone version uses an alternative to WebKit. To assess a particular browser, check whether that specific app version supports an alternative engine in your country; the available Apple lists do not answer that question for every app and release.

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What developers must meet

Apple publishes technical thresholds and safeguards as conditions for its entitlements. They describe eligibility requirements, not evidence that any particular browser has passed them or that users will see a particular performance or privacy result.

Functional test thresholds

  • Web Platform Tests: at least 90% of tests, measured against the highest number of subtests executed by any browser on the WPT front page, on a compatible operating system.
  • Test262: at least 80% on an iOS device, iPadOS device, or Mac with Apple silicon.
  • Lockdown Mode: the engine must meet the test requirements even when just-in-time (JIT) compilation is unavailable, such as when a user enables Lockdown Mode.

These figures are Apple Developer’s current eligibility thresholds, not adoption, market-share, or real-world performance statistics. The test and entitlement details are in Apple’s alternative-engine requirements.

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Security and privacy conditions

Apple’s listed security requirements include secure development practices, a public vulnerability disclosure policy, version-specific vulnerability information, modern TLS support, monitoring third-party dependencies, and timely vulnerability responses. Apple says the simplest classes of actively exploited vulnerabilities should be mitigated promptly, giving 30 days as an example; its guidance also says most vulnerabilities should be resolved in 30 days while acknowledging that some cases may take longer.

Privacy requirements include blocking third-party cookies by default unless the user gives informed consent, subject to a narrow compatibility exception; partitioning cross-site-observable storage by top-level website or blocking it; not sharing device identifiers with websites without informed consent and user activation; and labeling network connections for App Privacy Report. These are requirements placed on participating developers, not a general guarantee that every iOS browser app has the same implementation or outcomes.

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What the European Commission has said

On 23 April 2025, the European Commission announced that it had closed its investigation into Apple’s user-choice obligations, including the browser choice screen. The Commission said Apple had changed the screen after discussions, streamlining the process of selecting and setting a default browser on iPhone. The closure concerns that user-choice investigation; in the same release, the Commission separately raised preliminary concerns about Apple’s terms for alternative app distribution. Those are distinct matters, and the closure is not an approval of every aspect of Apple’s DMA compliance. Read the Commission’s 23 April 2025 announcement.

How to evaluate a browser option

If you are deciding which browser to use, separate the default-browser setting from the engine question. A useful check for the specific app and version is:

  • Does that version support an alternative engine in your EU country, or does it use WebKit?
  • Is it available in your country and eligible to appear on the choice screen?
  • What privacy controls and data-handling practices does the developer document?
  • How does the developer describe security updates and vulnerability handling?
  • Does the browser work with the websites and workflows you rely on?

The Apple choice screen can help set a default, but it is not a technical comparison of browser engines. The reviewed Apple pages do not establish which engine every named browser uses in each country and release, nor do they establish that alternative engines have materially changed speed, compatibility, privacy, or market shares.

Product prices and availability are accurate as of the date/time indicated and are subject to change. Any price and availability information displayed on Amazon at the time of purchase will apply.

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