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Responsible AI in migration services means using AI in ways that respect migrants’ rights, protect their privacy and dignity, and make decisions transparent, accountable and subject to meaningful human oversight. The test is not whether a system is new or efficient; it is what service or decision it affects, what happens when it is wrong, and whether people can get understandable help.
What counts as AI in migration services?
Here, migration services means services for people who migrate and the institutions that support or govern migration—not IT or cloud migration consulting. AI may support information services, government processes, analysis for migration policy or identity management. These are possible applications, not evidence that every agency or provider uses AI.
The International Organization for Migration (IOM) discusses AI in migration and mobility in its World Migration Report 2022 chapter, “Artificial intelligence, migration and mobility: implications for policy and practice.” Its 2026–2028 AI strategy describes migrant-facing digital tools that can offer information and guidance in people’s languages, as well as AI for governments and the broader migration ecosystem. IOM also addresses biometrics and AI in identity management.
Those examples can have very different consequences. A tool that answers general questions is not equivalent to one that influences identity, referrals or eligibility. Evaluate each system according to its actual purpose and effect on people.
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What responsible use should protect
Human rights and dignity
Start with the people affected: whose needs does the system serve, what decisions or services might it influence, and could its use put anyone’s rights or dignity at risk? IOM’s migration analysis frames AI against existing international human-rights rules, standards and principles. An efficiency claim alone does not establish that a system is fair, accurate or beneficial.
Privacy and data protection
Migration services may handle sensitive personal information. IOM’s January 2019 Data Bulletin: Informing a Global Compact for Migration – Data Protection places privacy and data protection at the centre of migration-data discussions and describes safeguards across collection, storage, use, disclosure and other processing. In practice, an organization should be able to explain what information a system uses, why it needs it, where it goes and who can access it.
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Transparency, accountability and human oversight
People should be able to understand when AI is involved and what role it plays. Human oversight must be more than a name on an org chart: establish who is responsible for the decision, who can examine a concern, and how an error can be corrected. The applicable legal duties and remedies depend on jurisdiction; do not assume one universal appeal right or process.
In a 18 September 2024 governing-bodies document, IOM recommended that Member States establish and enforce ethical guidelines for AI and data analytics in migration processes. It specifically called for “transparency, accountability and human oversight in automated decision-making,” alongside protection of migrants’ privacy and active work to eliminate bias.
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Attention to bias and unequal access
Check whether system performance or service access differs across affected groups, including people with different language needs or levels of digital access. Consider who might be missed, misclassified or unable to challenge an output. A multilingual interface, for example, is not by itself proof that the information is understandable or equally useful to everyone.
How the safeguards apply to different uses
| Possible use | What it may do | Questions to ask |
|---|---|---|
| Multilingual information and guidance | Provide information or help people navigate a service in their languages. | Can users tell when a response is AI-generated? Is information understandable, and can they reach a person when it is unclear or consequential? |
| Government migration digitization or triage | Support a digital process or help direct requests for attention. | Could an output affect access, referral or another consequential outcome? Who checks errors, and how can a person raise a concern? |
| Analysis for migration policy | Help analyze data relevant to policy or planning. | What data is used and shared? Could the analysis expose sensitive information or obscure how conclusions were reached? |
| Biometric identity management | Use biometric information alongside AI in identity-related processes. | What is collected and retained, how is it protected, and what happens if identity is misidentified? |
IOM’s materials identify these areas but do not establish how common each use is or provide comparative effectiveness figures. The higher the consequences for an individual, the more important it is to scrutinize the system’s role, safeguards and route to human review.
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Questions to ask before adopting or using a system
For service owners, procurement teams, advocates and people navigating a service, these questions help make the relevant risks visible. They are practical prompts, not a universal compliance checklist or substitute for jurisdiction-specific legal advice.
- Purpose: What user need is the AI meant to address, and is AI necessary for it?
- People affected: Who may be affected, including people with limited language access or digital access?
- Consequences: Could the system influence identity, access, referral, eligibility or another important outcome?
- Data: What personal information is collected, inferred, stored, shared or sent to outside parties? Is each use necessary and protected?
- Communication: Can affected people understand when AI is involved and what it does?
- Human help: Can someone get an explanation or review from a person, and is that route usable in practice?
- Responsibility: Which organization or named role owns the system and the decision? Who can correct an error and respond to reported harm?
- Risk review: How will the organization assess human-rights and bias risks before deployment and revisit them after the system or its use changes?
- Partners and vendors: If another organization processes the data, what controls govern access, retention, security and onward sharing?
Assess and monitor, not just approve
IOM’s migration analysis calls for a human-rights-based approach and discusses impact assessment before AI deployment, including risks to migrants and refugees. A responsible process therefore begins before launch and continues while the service operates.
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- Define the use and its stakes. Document the need, the people affected, the system’s role and whether its output can influence a consequential decision.
- Examine rights, data and bias risks. Assess what information is processed, who may face harm or unequal access, and what safeguards are needed before deployment.
- Assign operational responsibility. Identify who approves the system, who oversees its use and who handles review, complaints and correction.
- Communicate and provide a human route. Explain the AI’s role in accessible terms and make it possible to seek assistance from a person.
- Revisit the assessment. Use feedback and observed problems to review risks after deployment and when the system, data or service changes; take corrective action when harm is identified.
Where two service designs are available, compare their purpose and consequences, data sensitivity and sharing, understandable communication, bias and human-rights risks, accountable ownership, human review and accessibility. IOM’s materials support those dimensions but do not provide a validated universal score or weights for ranking systems. A numerical rating without evidence would create false precision.
What the available evidence does—and does not—show
The IOM sources establish relevant application areas and safeguards, not a current estimate of AI adoption in migration services or comparative figures for accuracy and outcomes. They do not show that every migration provider uses AI, or that a particular deployment is effective or fair. Judge a specific service from its actual design, data practices, oversight and effects on the people using it.
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