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Password managers generally say they cannot read the passwords, notes, and files in your encrypted vault. That does not mean they collect no information about you: their policies also describe account identifiers, IP addresses, device details, usage events, payment records, support interactions, and sometimes website analytics. To understand a privacy policy, separate the contents of the vault from the metadata and service-operation data needed to run the account.
What does a password manager track?
It depends on the provider and the product, but the policies discussed here describe several common categories: information that identifies or bills an account, network and device details, events showing how an app is used, and records created through support or business operations. Some of these details may be visible to the provider even when vault contents are not.
“Track” can mean anything from recording an IP address in server logs to collecting optional app telemetry or using cookies on a marketing site. Those activities have different purposes and privacy implications, so a useful review looks at each category separately rather than treating all collected data as one thing.
- Account and identity: Email addresses, names, account type or ownership, profile details, and sometimes phone or business information.
- Network and device: IP addresses, connected devices, browser or operating-system details, device identifiers, and language.
- Usage and diagnostics: Events such as unlocking an app, completing onboarding, using features, or creating an item; some providers also describe counts of vaults, items, or storage use.
- Commercial and support: Plan and payment-processing records, correspondence with support, and, in some cases, sales or research calls.
- Website activity: Cookies and analytics about visits to a provider’s website, such as page visits, load speeds, and browser or device categories.
Collection does not automatically mean that employees routinely inspect the data, that it is used for advertising, or that it reveals a password. The policy should say what is collected, why, who can access it, how long it is kept, and whether it is shared. The policies summarized below do not establish every provider’s exact configuration for every plan, region, or account type.
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Can a password-manager company see my passwords?
The companies covered here describe encryption models intended to prevent the provider from reading vault contents. That promise concerns access to plaintext data and encryption keys; it does not erase the account and operational records described elsewhere in a privacy notice.
Dashlane says secured data is encrypted in transit and at rest, and that it cannot decrypt the data because it does not hold users’ keys. Its policy states: “Because of our zero-knowledge architecture, we do not and cannot know what information you store on the Services.” Bitwarden draws a similar boundary between encrypted “Vault Data” and “Administrative Data,” and says, “Bitwarden cannot access Vault Data.” LastPass describes a local-only, zero-knowledge model in which vault data is encrypted on the device before it syncs to the company’s servers.
1Password says vaults and items are end-to-end encrypted with keys only the user possesses. It also says metadata such as titles, URLs, tags, and custom icons is encrypted. Its statement, “Your private information is yours, and we don’t sell it or give it away,” is a promise about handling private information; it should not be read as saying that the company gathers no account or usage data.
These are provider descriptions of their security designs, not a guarantee that every item of information associated with an account is secret from the provider. A company may be unable to decrypt a stored password but still know the account’s email address, that a device connected, or that an app event occurred. A separate question is whether a particular category of metadata—such as a title or URL—is encrypted, aggregated, or exposed through a business administrator’s tools.
Does zero knowledge mean no data is collected?
No. In these policies, “zero knowledge” describes limits on provider access to plaintext vault contents and encryption keys; it does not mean that the provider knows nothing about the account or how its service is used.
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Creating and maintaining an account can require an email address, and a provider may process subscription or payment information. A service may also need network and device details to deliver, secure, and troubleshoot the product. Support messages, security events, and website analytics are separate data flows from the encrypted vault.
Dashlane’s policy, for example, says event data can include enabled features and how many credentials are stored. It says behavioral data needed for autofill is available to Dashlane only in aggregated, anonymous form. The distinction matters: an item count or feature event is not the same as the contents of a credential, but it can still reveal something about how an account is used.
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How do the policies compare?
The comparison below separates vault protection from operational collection. It reflects the policy descriptions summarized here; where a particular retention period or control is not established, the table says so rather than implying that it does not exist.
| Provider | Vault and metadata claims | Examples of collected information | Retention or controls established here |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dashlane | Says secured data is encrypted in transit and at rest and cannot be decrypted by Dashlane because it does not hold users’ keys. | Email, payment and plan information, originating IP addresses, device/browser details, usage events, enabled features, and credential counts. Autofill behavioral data is described as aggregated and anonymous. | Dashlane’s 2026 policy says production logs retain IP activity for 45 days, with backups stored for an additional year. Certain registration, billing, and support records may remain for up to 30 days after account deletion; some recorded sales, support, and user-research calls may be kept for up to two years when consented. |
| 1Password | Says vaults and items are end-to-end encrypted with keys only the user possesses; titles, URLs, tags, and custom icons are also described as encrypted. | Account type/ownership and payment information, logins, vault and item counts, storage use, IP address, connected devices, name, email, and profile picture. | Telemetry participation is optional in most cases. Specific retention periods are not stated here. |
| LastPass | Describes a local-only, zero-knowledge model: vault data is encrypted on the device before syncing to servers. | Account registration, an optional phone number for two-factor authentication or SMS recovery, payment processing, customer content, and other service interactions. | Specific retention periods and telemetry controls are not stated here. |
| Bitwarden | Separates encrypted Vault Data, including credentials, attachments, and files, from Administrative Data; says it cannot access Vault Data. | Names, email addresses, phone/contact details, item counts, support and payment information, site cookies, Google Analytics, device/IP information, and information handled by subprocessors. | Specific retention periods are not stated here. The policy also describes international transfers and disclosures for legal, security, operational, and corporate-transaction purposes. |
“Not stated here” means that the policy details available for this comparison do not establish a specific period or control; it does not mean that the provider keeps data forever or collects none. Policies can differ by geography, plan, and account type, and they change. Read the applicable policy and settings for the account you actually use, especially if you have a business or family administrator.
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What metadata might a provider know even if it cannot read the vault?
Metadata is information about an account, item, device, or activity rather than necessarily the secret itself. It can still be sensitive: item counts can suggest how extensively someone uses a manager, and device or IP records can associate account activity with a network or location. Whether titles, URLs, tags, or similar fields are encrypted is a provider-specific question.
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1Password explicitly says titles, URLs, tags, and custom icons are encrypted. Its policy also lists usage information such as logins, vault and item counts, and storage use. Dashlane says event data may include enabled features and credential counts, while behavioral data needed for autofill is available only in aggregated, anonymous form. Bitwarden’s description identifies item counts as Administrative Data, distinct from encrypted Vault Data. Do not assume that one provider’s treatment of metadata applies to another.
Business accounts add another boundary to check: administrator visibility. The policies summarized here do not specify every administrator’s view or every organization setting. Before storing work credentials, ask the organization’s administrator what account activity, membership, or recovery information can be accessed under the particular plan. Provider inability to decrypt vault contents does not by itself answer what an employer or administrator can see through account-management features.
How long are logs and account records kept?
Retention is a separate privacy question from encryption. Encryption may prevent a provider from reading a vault while leaving operational records subject to their own retention schedules.
For Dashlane, the 2026 policy figures described here are specific: IP activity may remain in production logs for 45 days, and backups are stored for an additional year. Certain registration, billing, and support records may be retained for up to 30 days after account deletion. Some recorded sales, support, and user-research calls may be kept for up to two years when the person consented. These periods apply to the identified categories, not to every kind of Dashlane data.
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The available policy details for 1Password, LastPass, and Bitwarden do not establish comparable retention periods. To compare them, look for separate periods for server logs, backups, support tickets, deleted accounts, and legally required records. Also distinguish account deletion from removal from backups: those can follow different schedules.
What should I check before choosing or configuring a manager?
Use the privacy policy as a set of questions to verify, not just a slogan to accept. The goal is to learn both what remains encrypted and what account-level information is collected, retained, or made visible.
- Identify the protected data. Find the policy’s definition of vault or customer content. Check whether it includes attachments, notes, and files, not just passwords, and determine who holds the decryption keys.
- Check metadata separately. Look for titles, URLs, tags, item counts, storage usage, and behavioral signals. Determine whether each is encrypted, visible as an event, aggregated, or available to an administrator.
- Review telemetry and analytics controls. Find app-level diagnostic or usage settings and whether participation is optional. Treat website cookies and marketing analytics as a separate issue from in-app telemetry.
- Read retention and deletion terms. Note the period for logs, backups, support records, and post-deletion data. A precise period for one category should not be generalized to all records.
- Inspect sharing and transfers. Check the roles of subprocessors, international transfers, and the stated circumstances for legal, security, operational, or corporate-transaction disclosures.
- Ask about recovery and administration. Understand what account recovery options exist and what a family, employer, or business administrator can see or control. Recovery convenience and administrator access are not the same as provider access to plaintext.
For example, a person who wants to minimize diagnostic collection should look for an explicit telemetry control and understand which events remain necessary to operate the service. Someone selecting a manager for a workplace should focus more heavily on administrator access, organization ownership, and recovery procedures. The same privacy label can therefore lead to different practical choices depending on the user’s needs.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Does a security key change what the provider collects?
No. A FIDO2 security key can strengthen authentication—for example, by adding a physical factor at sign-in—but it does not change whether the provider records an account email, IP address, app event, billing record, or support interaction. Dashlane’s security documentation includes security-key accounts within its zero-knowledge approach; that is a security-design point, not a promise of reduced metadata collection.
Evaluate a security key as protection against unauthorized account access, and evaluate the privacy policy for collection and retention. They address related but different risks.
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What is the practical meaning of a privacy promise?
Read each statement at its narrowest accurate scope. “We cannot decrypt your vault” is a claim about vault access; it is not a claim that the company lacks account data. “We do not sell private information” is not the same as saying the company gathers no usage information. A policy’s operational-data sections, retention rules, and disclosure terms fill in those boundaries.
The most useful comparison is therefore not simply which service says “zero knowledge.” It is whether the data you care about is encrypted, whether related metadata is exposed, what telemetry choices you have, how long logs remain, and what administrators or recovery processes can access. Verify those details against the policy that applies to your edition, region, and account type, because policy language and product controls can change.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can a password manager see the websites I save?
That depends on how the provider treats URL metadata. 1Password says URLs are encrypted, but you should verify the current policy and any administrator-access rules for your own account type rather than extrapolating from another service.
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Not necessarily. Providers may treat production logs, backups, billing records, and support conversations differently, and legal or security needs can affect deletion; check the policy’s separate schedules for each category.
Can my employer see what is in my work password manager?
Do not infer employer visibility from the provider’s encryption promise alone. Ask the administrator about organization ownership, account recovery, and the exact management features enabled for your plan.
Should I turn off password-manager telemetry?
If an optional control is available and you prefer less diagnostic sharing, disabling it may be appropriate, but first check whether the setting covers app events only or also affects support diagnostics. Website cookies and analytics may have separate controls.
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