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Report malicious hosting to the cloud provider that controls the server or network service, using its official abuse channel and a concise package of URLs, IP addresses, timestamps, logs, and screenshots. Ask the provider to investigate and apply the appropriate policy action; a report is not a guaranteed takedown or a promise of a particular deadline. First determine whether the visible service is actually hosted by a cloud provider, or is being delivered through a CDN, reverse proxy, registrar, or search engine. Sending the same evidence to the wrong layer delays mitigation and may expose you to a dangerous site unnecessarily.
What does “take down” mean when you report cloud abuse?
A takedown request asks a provider to investigate suspected misuse of its infrastructure and take any action allowed by its terms and policies. Possible outcomes include removing or blocking hosted content, disabling network abuse, notifying a customer, or deciding that the evidence does not establish a policy violation. The provider, not the reporter, determines the remedy.
Cloud companies handle different abuse categories in different queues. A phishing page, malware download, unauthorized scan, denial-of-service attack, and copyright or civil dispute may require different evidence and may be governed by different procedures. Describe what you observed rather than asserting that a customer is legally guilty. If you believe conduct is illegal, explain the facts supporting that belief and identify the relevant law only when you can do so accurately.
Resolution time is case-specific. AWS states that investigations vary with complexity and scope, so no universal response or closure time should be promised. Keep the case number and all correspondence in case a concise follow-up is needed.
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Which service should receive the report?
Send the report to the party that controls the layer causing the harm. A registrar can control a domain registration but normally cannot remove files hosted on someone else’s server; a CDN may proxy traffic without hosting the origin; and a search engine can change search treatment without deleting the underlying site.
| Service layer | What it can usually affect | Useful evidence | Important limit |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cloud host or cloud network | Hosted pages, files, virtual machines, addresses, and abusive network traffic | Exact URLs or IPs, event times with time zone, source and target addresses, ports, protocols, logs, screenshots | It may need to investigate its customer and may request more information; action and timing are not guaranteed |
| CDN or reverse proxy | Proxy delivery, cached responses, security-service handling, or traffic passing through its network | Domain, affected URLs, observed response, time, and the proxy relationship if known | A proxy IP is not proof that the proxy hosts the origin; the origin host should also receive the report |
| Domain registrar or registry | Registration records, nameserver or registration-policy issues, and certain DNS-abuse obligations | Domain, registration details, and the specific registrar or registry failure | It generally cannot remove content hosted by a separate provider |
| Search or browser safety service | Search visibility, warnings, or detection systems | Search result, exact URL, and the observed phishing or malware behavior | Its report does not directly remove content from the host |
How can I tell who hosts the content?
Record the domain and any public IP address shown by your monitoring or DNS tools, but treat the IP as an indicator rather than proof of origin. A CDN, reverse proxy, load balancer, or shared cloud service can make the visible address different from the server holding the content. If you can identify both a proxy and an origin, report to both. Do not repeatedly probe a suspicious address to resolve uncertainty.
What evidence should I collect before filing?
Preserve enough information for an investigator to reproduce the observation without requiring you to keep visiting a dangerous site. Capture the state of the incident, the time zone, and the exact indicators.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute- Exact location: Record the complete malicious page, file, API endpoint, or download URL. Include known redirect destinations and the hostname or domain.
- Network identifiers: Add the relevant public IP address when known. For a network incident, record source and target IPs, ports, transport protocols, and representative log lines.
- Time: Give the date and time of each observation, including the time zone, and say whether the behavior is still live.
- Behavior: Use a specific description such as credential capture, malware delivery, unauthorized scanning, denial-of-service traffic, or another observable act. Explain what a visitor or network monitor actually saw.
- Evidence files: Attach short log extracts, screenshots, redirect chains, or other safe material that directly supports the report. Follow the provider’s file-format and size instructions.
- Contact: Supply an address monitored by someone who can answer follow-up questions. Consider whether disclosing that address to the provider’s customer or other parties creates a privacy or safety concern.
Do not attach illegal content or a dangerous payload merely to prove that it exists. A screenshot, hash, URL, timestamp, and sanitized log excerpt are usually safer than forwarding malware or stolen data. Redact unrelated personal information and secrets from logs, while leaving the fields needed to validate the event.
Evidence for hosted phishing or malware
Prioritize the exact URL, the page or file name, what the visitor is asked to do, and what the browser or endpoint downloads. Note the redirect sequence and the time observed. A plain-language description of the visible form or download is more useful than an unsupported label such as “definitely criminal.”
Evidence for scanning, intrusion, or denial-of-service activity
Include the source and target addresses, destination ports, protocol, event times with time zone, frequency or duration when your logs show it, and a few unaltered log lines. Explain how the pattern differs from ordinary traffic and identify the system that generated the logs. Do not conduct additional scans to create evidence.
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How do I report abuse of AWS resources?
Use the AWS abuse report form. AWS also identifies Trust & Safety at trustandsafety@support.aws.com for cases in which the form cannot be used or for automated reporting.
- Choose the abuse category that best matches the observed conduct.
- For hosted content, provide the complete URL and a factual description of what appears there, including redirects or downloads.
- For network activity, provide the target IP, event date and time with time zone, source and target addresses, ports, protocols, and representative log extracts when available.
- Explain why you suspect misuse of AWS resources and distinguish direct observations from inferences. If you believe the activity is illegal, state the facts and the legal basis you rely on without declaring a final legal judgment.
- Attach only relevant, safe evidence and provide a monitored contact address.
- Save the confirmation or case number. If AWS requests more information, reply in the same case so the investigative history stays together.
AWS may ask for additional details. Its published guidance says that resolution depends on the complexity and scope of the case, so avoid promising a date by which an account or page will be removed.
How do I report abuse originating from Microsoft Azure?
Microsoft’s MSRC abuse portal handles suspected cyberattacks or other abuse originating from Microsoft Online Services, including Azure. The portal supports URL- and IP-based incident categories.
- Select the incident type that matches the indicator: a URL-based report for hosted content or an IP-based report for network activity.
- Enter the incident date and time, the time zone, and every relevant URL or IP address.
- Use the notes field to describe what happened, how you observed it, and which policy concern the facts appear to raise.
- Add supporting screenshots, logs, or redirect information as the form permits.
- Review the anonymization choice. Microsoft explains that non-anonymized contact details may be shared with the customer or relevant third parties.
- Retain the submission confirmation and respond if investigators request clarification.
Microsoft says it investigates reports, may notify the Azure customer, and may take action when a customer fails to comply with its policies. It also says it is not positioned to arbitrate disputes between parties. A report about a private contractual disagreement should therefore explain the concrete abuse indicator rather than ask Microsoft to decide who is right.
How do I submit suspected abuse to Google Cloud?
Use Google Cloud’s “Report suspected abuse on Google Cloud” form for an external report. Google Cloud also publishes remediation guidance for its own customers dealing with compromised projects, malware, or phishing; those customer instructions are not a substitute for the external reporter form.
- Identify the exact Google Cloud-related URL, address, or resource indicator you observed.
- State the conduct in concrete terms, such as a credential-harvesting page, malware delivery, or abusive network activity.
- Provide observation times with the time zone and attach concise, safe evidence.
- Explain the connection between the indicator and Google Cloud when that relationship is known, while noting any uncertainty.
- Submit a contact address that can answer follow-up questions and preserve the confirmation.
Google Safe Browsing and Google Search reporting are separate routes. Use them as additional warnings or detection requests when appropriate, not as a replacement for notifying the cloud service that controls the hosted resource.
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What if Cloudflare or another CDN is in front of the site?
Cloudflare accepts abuse reports from anyone on the internet, but the handling route depends on whether the domain uses its pass-through CDN or security service, its Registrar, or its developer-hosting platform. The public reporting system provides different submission paths for individuals, customers using a dashboard, and automated reporters.
- Record the domain, exact abusive URL, observed behavior, and time.
- Determine whether the response appears to come through a proxy. A Cloudflare IP or header does not establish that Cloudflare hosts the origin.
- Submit the report through the Cloudflare abuse route that matches the service involved.
- Send the same evidence to the origin cloud host when you can identify it, because the origin provider controls the underlying files or server.
- Keep both case references and note which organization controls which layer.
Cloudflare says reports may be forwarded to the domain owner or hosting provider. That means your evidence and contact information may travel beyond the first intake point; provide only what is necessary and review any privacy options shown by the form.
When should I contact the registrar, ICANN, or a search service?
Use an intermediary route only for a problem that intermediary can actually remedy.
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Registrar or registry
A registrar may be able to address registration-policy or DNS-abuse issues, but it normally cannot delete content stored with a separate host. For example, a registrar’s own guidance may direct a reporter to the responsible hosting provider when the complaint concerns a hosted page. Send the content report to the host first, then use the registrar’s abuse channel for a registration or DNS issue.
ICANN contractual compliance
ICANN’s contractual-compliance process covers certain failures by registrars or registries, such as not displaying required abuse contacts or not investigating or responding to DNS-abuse reports involving malware, botnets, phishing, pharming, or spam used to deliver those abuses. It is not a general takedown service for files hosted on a cloud server. Use it only when the complaint fits that contractual scope and you have already identified the relevant registrar or registry obligation.
Search and browser safety reports
Google Search Central provides separate reporting paths for search spam, malware, and phishing. These reports help improve search detection and warnings; they do not directly remove material from the host. File one alongside the host report when reducing user exposure in search results is important.
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How should I write the abuse report?
A short, structured report is easier to triage than a long narrative. Put the most actionable indicator and time near the top, then supply context and evidence.
Subject: Abuse report — [specific category] — [domain or service]
What happened:
[One or two factual sentences describing the observed content or activity.]
Where:
Exact URL(s): [complete URL and known redirects]
Hostname/domain: [domain]
Public IP(s): [address or “not known”]
When:
[Date and time, including time zone; state whether the issue remains live.]
Why it appears abusive:
[Policy category and the facts observed. Separate direct observation from inference.]
Evidence:
[Short log excerpts, screenshots, redirect chain, hashes, or safe attachments.]
Requested action:
Please investigate and take appropriate action under your abuse policy.
Follow-up:
[Monitored contact address and any related case number.]For a network event, replace the content-focused description with source and target IPs, ports, protocols, and log lines. For a phishing or malware page, emphasize the exact URL and what the visitor sees or downloads. Do not demand a particular suspension, identify a customer, or claim authority to decide the case.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.What happens after a provider receives the report?
The usual sequence is acknowledgement or case creation, a request for missing details, investigation, possible customer notification, and a decision about policy enforcement. The sequence is not identical at every provider, and an investigator may close a case without disclosing internal findings.
- Keep the original evidence unchanged and record when each new observation occurs.
- Answer clarification requests in the existing case rather than opening duplicates.
- Do not assume silence means the content was removed; verify only through safe, non-invasive means.
- Do not expect the provider to reveal a customer’s identity, disclose confidential investigative details, or meet a fixed deadline.
What should I do if there is no response?
First check that the report went to the service controlling the relevant layer and that it included the requested indicators. Then send one concise follow-up using the original case reference, restating the URL or IP, the latest observation time, and any new evidence. Multiple duplicate submissions can slow triage and fragment the record.
If the problem is a registrar or registry failure, use that entity’s abuse channel and consider an ICANN contractual-compliance complaint only when the issue falls within ICANN’s stated scope. If the activity appears criminal or creates immediate danger, contact the appropriate local law-enforcement or emergency authority. The correct agency and reporting process depend on your jurisdiction and the conduct involved.
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Do not repeatedly open a dangerous page, submit real credentials, execute a suspicious file, or scan a suspected attacker to gather extra proof. Preserve what you already observed, use an isolated analysis environment only if your organization has approved procedures, and follow the provider’s instructions for safe attachments.
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- Use a dedicated reporting address if your organization’s security policy permits it, and avoid exposing unrelated personal data.
- Redact passwords, session tokens, customer records, and internal hostnames from screenshots and logs.
- Keep original evidence in a controlled location and send a sanitized copy unless the provider specifically requests otherwise.
- Note the source of each log and whether timestamps are in UTC or another time zone.
- Tell colleagues or affected users how to avoid the malicious link while the report is pending.
Describe facts, not conclusions. “The page displayed a sign-in form that posted credentials to this endpoint at 14:32 UTC” is more useful than “this company is committing fraud.” A precise report gives the provider a defensible basis to investigate while reducing the chance that a legitimate dispute is mistaken for infrastructure abuse.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I report cloud abuse if I do not know the provider’s IP address?
Yes. An exact URL, hostname, redirect chain, and observation time can be enough for the abuse team to begin triage. State that the origin IP is unknown rather than guessing, and let the provider correlate the domain internally.
Will a provider tell me whether it suspended the account?
Not necessarily. Privacy, security, and investigative rules may limit what the provider can disclose, even when it takes action. Keep your own records and use browser or search-safety warnings to protect users while you wait.
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Usually not when the site appears malicious or an attacker may alter evidence. Contacting an owner can tip off an attacker, trigger deletion of useful logs, or expose your identity; follow your organization’s incident-response policy instead.
What if the malicious page copies my company’s branding?
Report the hosted URL to the cloud or origin provider and separately notify your security, legal, or brand-protection team. The provider can investigate infrastructure abuse, while your organization may have additional domain, customer-notification, or law-enforcement options.
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