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1. Establish a known-good baseline
Before editing, identify the last commit or checkpoint where the behavior worked. Reproduce the failure and record the relevant test results. If the same test already failed before the agent’s change, that matters: the change may not have caused the problem.
VS Code’s safe refactoring guidance recommends recording test results before implementation and preserving a verified baseline in Git. A reproducible failure gives you a way to tell whether a proposed fix actually changes the behavior you care about.
2. Review the entire agent change
Inspect every changed, added, and deleted file—not only the file named in your prompt or the agent’s summary. In VS Code, review the diff for the agent’s changes, then check the integrated result; its guidance calls for reviewing all changed files and testing the integration. VS Code agent overview
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- Look for edits to shared helpers, defaults, imports and exports, error handling, and dependencies.
- Check whether tests were changed, removed, or weakened along with the implementation.
- Notice broad refactors that reach beyond the requested behavior. JetBrains cautions that wide refactors touching unrelated code are harder to review and more prone to unintended side effects. JetBrains AI agents guidance
A failure several files away may come from a shared function or changed default, not from the file where the symptom appears. The complete diff helps you identify plausible connections instead of assuming the visible symptom points to the cause.
3. Reproduce the failure and narrow the cause
Run the smallest test or reproduction that reliably demonstrates the unrelated break. Follow the affected behavior through its public entry points and callers, comparing it with the known-good version.
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- Check normal inputs as well as boundary or invalid inputs.
- Compare defaults, returned values, errors, and side effects.
- Change one suspected cause at a time so the result is interpretable.
VS Code’s refactoring guidance recommends verifying behavior against a recorded baseline. If you cannot reproduce the failure consistently, first make the reproduction reliable; otherwise, it is difficult to know whether a correction fixed the cause or merely coincided with a passing run. VS Code agent overview
4. Make the test signal meaningful
Add or preserve a regression test for the behavior that broke, then run it along with relevant tests for affected callers. Broader project checks can catch additional interactions, but passing tests only speak to the code paths they execute.
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GitLab’s AI-Assisted Development Playbook states: “Never give an agent a task without a failing test.” That is company guidance rather than a universal standard, but the practice is useful here: a test that fails before the correction and passes afterward provides direct evidence about the regression. GitLab AI-Assisted Development Playbook
Inspect test edits as carefully as implementation edits. If the agent removed an assertion or broadened what counts as success, a green run may say less than it appears to. A 2026 study of 4,882 agent-generated pull requests in Java and Python found that, among PRs changing code under test files, 49.6% included test changes. In the study’s sample, existing tests covered 61.5% of agents’ changed executable lines in Java and 27.0% in Python; 64.8% of Python PRs had no changed line executed by any existing test. Miss rates for error-handling constructs reached 86.0% in Java and 81.0% in Python. These are findings about that dataset, not universal rates or a prediction that a particular agent change is faulty. Test Coverage Analysis of Agentic Pull Requests (2026)
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5. Verify the integrated change and keep a recovery path
After making a narrow correction, inspect the final diff and run the regression test plus the relevant checks on the integrated state—not only on an isolated patch. A change can behave differently once combined with the agent’s other edits.
Keep a Git-based recovery point until that verification is complete. VS Code notes that its checkpoints are temporary and do not replace Git version control. If the correction creates another failure, use the known-good commit or checkpoint to restore a verified state, then investigate with a narrower change. VS Code agent overview
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Choose the next check by the evidence it gives you
No single debugging technique is best for every repository. Prefer checks that quickly reproduce the failure, isolate a likely cause, exercise the affected behavior, and leave a reliable way back.
| Check | What it helps establish | Useful when |
|---|---|---|
| Smallest failing test or reproduction | Whether the symptom is repeatable and whether a narrow correction changes it | You need to isolate one failure before testing broadly |
| Complete diff review and caller tracing | Which shared behavior or changed interface might connect the edit to the distant symptom | The break appears outside the agent’s apparent target |
| Regression and affected-caller tests | Whether the broken behavior and its relevant entry points still work | You need to prevent the same regression from returning |
| Broader project checks on the integrated state | Whether the correction interacts badly with other changes | The focused test passes but the change affects shared code or multiple modules |
These checks complement rather than replace one another: a broad suite may miss an untested path, while a focused test alone may not reveal an integration problem.
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