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To check whether you qualify, start with the company’s investor-relations announcement and the stock-exchange filing—not the announcement date alone. Record the published record date, ex-dividend date and, where the market uses it, cum-dividend date. Then check your brokerage or demat statement to confirm that the shares were recorded in your account through the applicable cutoff. For a bonus issue, also verify the announced ratio and follow the issuer, exchange and depository notices for allotment and trading dates.
The steps below work for most listed securities, but eligibility rules are market-specific. The regulatory examples cited here are primarily for India, with an Investor.gov explanation of the U.S. ex-dividend convention. Always use the security’s own exchange notice when dates or settlement rules differ.
What “eligible” means for a dividend or bonus issue
Eligibility is determined by the shareholder list prepared for the company’s record date. A dividend pays cash on each entitled share; a bonus issue gives additional fully paid shares in a stated ratio. You must establish two separate facts: first, whether your holding was recognized on the relevant record date; second, when the cash or new shares will actually be paid, credited and (for bonus shares) admitted for trading.
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchDo not treat the board-approval date, announcement date or payment date as the eligibility cutoff. Under India’s SEBI Listing Obligations and Disclosure Requirements (LODR) Regulation 42, a listed entity must intimate the stock exchanges of record dates for dividend declarations and bonus issues and state the purpose. Read the issuer’s filing and the exchange-accepted date together. SEBI LODR Regulation 42
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The dates you need to identify
| Term | What it tells you | How to use it |
|---|---|---|
| Record date | The company’s cutoff for identifying shareholders entitled to the corporate action. | Check your broker or demat ledger for the holding that was recognized on this date. |
| Cum-dividend date | Where used by the market, the last date on which a purchase carries the right to the next dividend. | A purchase must settle under the market’s cum-dividend convention; confirm the exchange notice. |
| Ex-dividend date | The date from which a share trades without the right to the next dividend; the price normally adjusts for the distribution. | Buying on or after this date generally does not qualify for that dividend under the applicable convention. |
| Payment date | The date cash is sent or made available to entitled holders. | Compare the expected payment with your cash ledger and bank details. |
| Bonus ratio | The number of new shares issued for each share held, such as 1:1 or 1:2. | Calculate the expected entitlement only after confirming the record-date holding. |
| Allotment date | The date on which bonus shares are formally allotted. | Look for the new quantity in your demat or brokerage corporate-action ledger. |
| Trading date | The first date the credited bonus shares can be sold on the exchange. | Do not assume credited shares are immediately tradable; verify the exchange notice. |
SEBI’s investor material describes cum-dividend as the last date to buy for dividend eligibility and ex-dividend as the date on which the share price adjusts for the dividend. SEBI investor presentation on dividends, bonuses and other corporate actions
Step-by-step: check dividend eligibility
1. Find the primary corporate-action notice
- Open the company’s official investor-relations page.
- Choose the section labelled Investor Relations, Stock Exchange Filings, Corporate Actions or an equivalent current label.
- Locate the dividend announcement and download the notice or exchange filing.
- Open the corresponding filing on the exchange where the security is listed. Confirm that the exchange accepted the same record date and purpose.
The filing should identify the dividend type, rate or amount where applicable, record date and any separate ex-date, cum-date, payment date or book-closure period. A third-party calendar can be useful for alerts, but it is not the authority if its date conflicts with the issuer or exchange filing.
2. Write the dates in one place
Create a short record containing the security name and symbol, dividend amount or rate, record date, ex-dividend date, cum-dividend date if shown, payment date and the URL of the original filing. Add the time zone and exchange when a notice gives them. Keeping the original notice prevents confusion when a company later revises a date.
3. Apply the exchange’s ex-date and settlement rule
The exact convention depends on the market, security and settlement cycle. Investor.gov states: “If you purchase a stock on its ex-dividend date or after, you will not receive the next dividend payment.” Investor.gov: Ex-Dividend Dates—When Are You Entitled to Stock and Cash Dividends?
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That statement is a practical U.S. rule, not a universal timetable for every country. In another market, an exchange may publish a cum-dividend last-buy date or adjust the date for the local settlement cycle. Follow the security-specific notice rather than counting backward from the record date yourself. If your purchase was near the cutoff, save the trade confirmation showing execution date, settlement date and quantity.
4. Verify the holding in your account
For an Indian listed security, open the broker’s Console, Reports or Corporate Actions area and download the demat statement covering the record date. Check the International Securities Identification Number (ISIN), quantity and whether the position was marked as settled. A practical broker explanation notes that investors are eligible for dividends and bonus shares when they hold the shares in the demat account on the record date, subject to the applicable market process. Broker explanation of ex-date and record date
For other markets, use the equivalent brokerage statement or the custodian’s shareholder record. An intraday position, unsettled purchase, short position or borrowed share may not produce the same entitlement as a settled long holding. Ask the broker how that security’s record-date process treats each case.
5. Reconcile trades around the cutoff
Compare the statement with your order history. Check purchases, sales, transfers between accounts, stock lending, corporate-account changes and any position marked pending or failed. If you sold before the relevant ex-date or record-date cutoff, do not assume the original quantity remains eligible. Conversely, a trade executed before the cutoff may still require settlement under the exchange’s timetable.
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6. Check the issuer’s payment instructions
Read the notice for the payment method: direct bank credit, electronic transfer, cheque, depositary payment or another process. Confirm that your bank account, tax status and investor-identification details are current with the broker, depository participant or registrar. A mismatch can delay payment even when the holding itself was eligible.
7. Wait for the stated payment window, then verify the ledger
SEBI’s investor presentation says dividend payment is to be completed within 30 days of approval. This is a maximum period stated in that Indian investor material, not a promise that every issuer will pay on the same day. SEBI investor presentation
On or after the announced payment date, check both the cash ledger and the bank account linked to the holding. Compare the gross dividend, deductions and net credit with the amount in the notice. Tax treatment varies by jurisdiction and investor type, so use the applicable tax authority’s guidance or professional advice rather than assuming the same withholding applies everywhere.
8. Keep evidence until the action is closed
Retain the issuer notice, exchange filing, trade confirmations, demat or brokerage statement, payment advice and any registrar correspondence. These documents establish which date was used and make a missing-payment claim much easier to investigate.
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How to check eligibility for a bonus issue
Confirm the ratio and the legal form
A bonus issue gives additional fully paid shares in an announced ratio to shareholders entitled on the record date. For example, a 1:1 ratio means one new share for each eligible share; a 1:2 ratio means one new share for every two eligible shares. The ratio is not a cash dividend and should not be treated as a purchase at a discount.
SEBI’s ICDR material describes bonus shares as an issue by capitalization of eligible profits or reserves and states that bonus shares cannot be issued in lieu of dividend. SEBI ICDR regulations Read the issuer’s notice for the exact ratio, eligible share class, record date, allotment date and any treatment of fractional entitlements. If a ratio produces a fraction, the notice should explain how the fraction is handled; do not invent a rounding rule.
Use the record date, not the announcement date
Record the bonus record date in the same way as a dividend record date. Verify that your settled quantity appears in the account on the applicable date and that any sale or transfer near the cutoff is reflected correctly. A bonus announcement can occur weeks before the record date, so buying merely because the issue was announced does not establish entitlement.
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Understand the Indian T+2 operational sequence
For SEBI’s procedure, T is the record date, the deemed allotment date is the next working day (T+1), and the shares are intended to be available for trading on the next working day after allotment (T+2) once the issuer, exchange and depository complete the required steps. SEBI circular of 16 September 2024 on T+2 trading of bonus shares
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| Stage | What to check | What can delay visibility |
|---|---|---|
| T: record date | Your eligible quantity and the final ratio. | Unsettled trades, account transfers or a corrected record date. |
| T+1: deemed allotment | Issuer, exchange and depository allotment notices. | Pending corporate-action processing or a notice amendment. |
| T+2: intended trading availability | New ISIN or quantity in the demat ledger and an exchange trading notice. | Operational completion, listing approval or a market-specific exception. |
The T+1 and T+2 sequence is an Indian operational procedure. Other markets may use different allotment and listing timelines. Even in India, “intended to be available” does not mean you should place a sell order before your broker shows the shares as tradable.
Calculate and verify the credit
- Multiply the settled record-date quantity by the numerator of the announced ratio.
- Apply the denominator and the issuer’s stated treatment of any fraction.
- Compare the result with the corporate-action entry in your demat statement.
- Check the exchange or broker trading segment to confirm that the credited quantity is enabled for sale.
Do not confuse a temporary balance display with a final allotment. The broker may show an entitlement or pending quantity before the depository posts the shares. Wait for the allotment entry and trading confirmation.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Which source should you trust?
| Source | Authority | Best use | Limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Issuer investor-relations notice | Primary corporate disclosure | Dividend amount, bonus ratio, record date, payment or allotment details. | May be revised; check the latest version. |
| Stock-exchange filing | Exchange-accepted disclosure | Confirmed record date, purpose, trading suspension or listing information. | Coverage is limited to that exchange and security. |
| Regulator guidance | SEBI, Investor.gov or the relevant market regulator | Definitions, deadlines and general rules. | Does not confirm your personal holding. |
| Broker or demat statement | Your account record | Settled quantity, cash credit, bonus allotment and transaction history. | May update after the issuer or depository posts the action. |
| Corporate-action calendar | Secondary aggregation | Alerts and a quick view across securities. | Dates can lag or be wrong; open the original filing. |
When sources disagree, use the newest issuer or exchange filing and ask the registrar or broker to explain the discrepancy. A calendar entry alone is not proof of eligibility.
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What to do if the dividend is missing
- Check that the payment date has passed and that the 30-day Indian period, where applicable, has not expired.
- Confirm the record-date quantity and settlement status in your statement.
- Check the linked bank account, payment reference and any returned-payment message.
- Compare your account name, tax details and bank information with the issuer’s records.
- Contact the company’s registrar using the contact details in the official notice, attaching the filing, statement and transaction evidence.
- If the registrar confirms payment but your account is not credited, ask the broker, depository participant or bank to trace the reference.
Do not rely on a social-media post or an unverified calendar to prove that payment was due. The issuer’s notice and your account records are the documents the registrar can investigate.
What to do if bonus shares are missing or not tradable
- No quantity after T+1: check whether the issuer or depository has posted an amended allotment notice and ask the broker whether the corporate action is pending.
- Quantity appears but cannot be sold: wait for the exchange trading or listing confirmation and verify that the broker has enabled the correct ISIN.
- Wrong quantity: recompute from the settled record-date quantity and published ratio, then check fractional-share treatment in the notice.
- Position disappeared after a transfer: reconcile both the delivering and receiving demat accounts and provide the transfer reference to the depository participant.
- Issuer and broker disagree: send both records to the registrar and request a written reconciliation of the record-date file.
Market, account and tax cautions
Eligibility rules differ by country, exchange, security type and settlement cycle. The record date identifies the entitled holders, but the ex-date or cum-date determines the last eligible purchase under the relevant exchange convention. A foreign-listed share, depositary receipt, fund distribution or privately held security may use different terminology or procedures.
Dividend and bonus taxation is jurisdiction- and investor-specific. Residency, account type, withholding rules, treaty status, holding period and the eventual sale of bonus shares can all matter. Treat the corporate-action notice as evidence of entitlement, not as tax advice; consult the applicable tax authority or a qualified adviser for your situation.
Quick Recap
Quick eligibility checklist
- Open the latest issuer investor-relations notice and matching exchange filing.
- Write down the record date, ex-date, cum-date if used, payment date, bonus ratio, allotment date and trading date.
- Apply the exchange’s settlement convention; do not infer eligibility from the announcement date.
- Download the brokerage or demat statement covering the record date.
- Match the ISIN, settled quantity and account holder details.
- For a dividend, verify the cash credit and payment reference.
- For a bonus issue, verify allotment, quantity, ISIN and exchange trading status separately.
- Keep every notice and statement until the action is fully reconciled.
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