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As of 20 October 2026, no mainstream Bitcoin mainnet wallet is documented by its official materials as creating and verifying post-quantum Bitcoin signatures. Bitcoin Core, Electrum, and hardware wallets used through Electrum remain conventional Bitcoin wallets. BIP-360 and BIP-361 describe proposed migration and output changes, not an activated retail-wallet feature. BTQ Core (Bitcoin Quantum) documents Dilithium signing and BIP-360-style addresses on an alternative implementation and testnet, which is not ordinary BTC mainnet support.
What “post-quantum wallet” must mean
A wallet is not post-quantum merely because it generates a new address, stores keys offline, uses a hardware device, or supports Taproot. For the label to be accurate, the wallet and the network must agree on an output type and signature algorithm that can resist attacks from a sufficiently capable quantum computer. The wallet must be able to create the address, construct a transaction, sign it with the required algorithm, and verify the resulting spend on the same network.
That distinction rules out a common misunderstanding: wallet software cannot create a valid post-quantum spend on Bitcoin mainnet before Bitcoin consensus and relay rules accept a post-quantum signature mechanism. A wallet could implement an experimental algorithm locally, but other Bitcoin nodes would reject a transaction that uses an output or signature type the network does not recognize.
Hash-based exposure reduction is not a signature replacement
Some proposed output changes reduce the time during which a public key is exposed without replacing ECDSA or Schnorr with a post-quantum scheme. BIP-360’s proposed Pay-to-Merkle-Root (P2MR) output removes Taproot’s key-path spend and commits a Merkle root on-chain. BIP-360 describes this as protection against long-exposure attacks, but explicitly says that full protection from short-exposure attacks may require introducing post-quantum signature schemes. P2MR therefore belongs in a migration plan; it is not, by itself, a Dilithium, ML-DSA, Falcon, or SLH-DSA wallet.
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Current wallet-by-wallet status
| Wallet or wallet class | What official material establishes | Conclusion for quantum resistance |
|---|---|---|
| Bitcoin Core | Its supported-BIP material does not identify an activated BIP-360 path or post-quantum signature implementation. | Conventional Bitcoin wallet today; do not describe it as post-quantum. |
| Electrum | Official documentation covers SPV verification, seed recovery, multisignature wallets, and integration with Ledger, Trezor, and KeepKey devices. It does not publish a post-quantum Bitcoin-signature claim. | Useful conventional wallet software, but not documented as quantum-resistant. |
| Ledger, Trezor, or KeepKey used through Electrum | The integration documents hardware signing and custody workflows. They do not establish protocol-level post-quantum Bitcoin support. | Hardware protection of conventional keys is not equivalent to post-quantum signatures. |
| Other wallets listed in the Bitcoin.org directory | The directory contains many desktop and hardware wallets but does not mark them as supporting post-quantum signatures. | Assume unsupported unless the vendor publishes exact network, address, algorithm, activation, and verification details. |
| BTQ Core / Bitcoin Quantum | Project documentation describes Dilithium keys and wallet RPC operations, plus BIP-360-style P2MR addresses for its testnet-oriented implementation. | Experimental alternative network or testnet software, not a Bitcoin mainnet wallet for ordinary BTC. |
Bitcoin Core: what it can and cannot do
Bitcoin Core remains a standard Bitcoin wallet for the output and signature types accepted by the live Bitcoin network. The absence of an activated BIP-360 or post-quantum signing path matters more than whether a future proposal appears in a development branch or discussion: a user needs a deployed, consensus-compatible feature to spend coins.
Do not infer support from descriptor functionality, command-line wallet RPCs, multisignature support, or Taproot compatibility. Those features can manage and sign conventional Bitcoin transactions while leaving the underlying public-key cryptography unchanged. A Core wallet that receives a proposed address format, or that stores arbitrary metadata describing one, has not thereby gained the ability to spend from it.
Electrum and hardware wallets
Electrum’s documented strengths are SPV verification, seed-based recovery, multisignature construction, and connections to hardware signers. Those capabilities improve verification, backup, and key-isolation workflows, but they do not change Bitcoin’s consensus rules. The signing device still produces the signature types understood by the Bitcoin transaction format and network.
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A hardware wallet can keep a private key away from a general-purpose computer and require confirmation on a trusted screen. That helps against malware and key theft. A future quantum attack on an exposed public key is a different threat: it targets the mathematical assumptions behind the signature system, not merely the storage location of the private key. Moving an ECDSA or Schnorr key into a hardware device does not turn that key into a post-quantum key.
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When evaluating a vendor’s future claim, look for all of the following rather than a “quantum-safe” marketing label:
- The exact Bitcoin network or fork on which the feature works.
- The address and output format, including whether it is a deployed Bitcoin output type.
- The named signature algorithm and parameter set.
- Wallet code that creates, signs, and verifies transactions, not just key generation.
- Node or explorer software that accepts and relays those transactions.
- Recovery instructions covering seeds, descriptors, multisignature participants, and hardware backups.
What BIP-360 changes—and what it does not
BIP-360 proposes P2MR, an output that commits to a Merkle root and removes Taproot’s key-path spend. The design targets a specific exposure problem: public keys that can be attacked after they have been revealed for a long period. Its proposal text says that combining P2MR with post-quantum signature schemes could provide comprehensive quantum resistance to P2MR outputs. That wording describes a future combination, not a claim that P2MR already supplies the signature algorithm.
Taproot, P2PK, and exposed keys
BIP-360 identifies Taproot and Pay-to-Public-Key (P2PK) outputs as vulnerable to long exposure because their public-key information is available in ways that give an attacker more time to work. It also warns that extended public keys (xpubs) and descriptors reveal quantum-vulnerable public-key information. Sharing an xpub is therefore not a neutral act if your threat model includes future attacks against exposed public keys.
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What BIP-361 means for migration
BIP-361 is a separate migration concept. The Bitcoin.org BIP index labels it informational and draft. Its outline assumes a post-quantum output type would first be implemented and later allow legacy ECDSA and Schnorr outputs to be sunset. That sequence is important: a migration proposal is not the same as a wallet feature, a consensus activation, or a deadline for users.
A draft cannot tell you which wallet to install today. Before relying on any claimed migration support, verify that the proposal has a defined activation mechanism, network-wide implementation, transaction-verification support, and a recovery path that ordinary users can test. None of those facts is established merely by the existence of a BIP number.
BTQ Core and Bitcoin Quantum: the experimental exception
BTQ Core, also called Bitcoin Quantum in its documentation, is the clearest example in the reviewed material of wallet operations built around a post-quantum algorithm. Its documentation describes Dilithium keys and wallet RPC operations, and its protocol material specifies BIP-360-style P2MR addresses for a testnet-oriented or alternative implementation.
This is materially different from adding a setting to Bitcoin Core or Electrum. Coins on an alternative network are not automatically BTC on Bitcoin mainnet, and a transaction accepted by that network is not necessarily valid on Bitcoin’s network. Treat BTQ as an experimental environment unless you have independently verified the network, chain identity, consensus rules, asset issuance, and recovery process. Never send ordinary mainnet BTC to an address whose documentation does not explicitly establish mainnet compatibility.
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How much of Bitcoin is exposed?
Two figures are published by proposal projects, and both require attribution. The BIP-360 project’s 2025 press kit says that more than 6 million bitcoin are in quantum-exposed addresses; that is a project figure, not an independently audited consensus statistic. The BIP-361 draft cites more than 34% of bitcoin as having revealed a public key on-chain as of 1 March 2026. It should likewise be read as a figure cited by that draft, not as a neutral measurement accepted by every Bitcoin analyst.
No independently audited number establishes the exact total of quantum-vulnerable wallet balances. The practical implication is narrower and more reliable: any wallet that has exposed a public key, reused an address, or shared an xpub should not be described as protected against a future quantum attack solely because its keys are currently offline.
What you should do with a Bitcoin wallet today
- Do not buy a “quantum wallet” based on a label alone. Ask which network accepts the transaction, which output type is used, which signature algorithm signs it, and where the node verifies it.
- Separate custody from protocol support. Use hardware signing, multisignature policies, encrypted backups, and offline recovery to address theft and operational risks, but do not call those controls post-quantum protection.
- Limit unnecessary public-key disclosure. Avoid address reuse and share xpubs or descriptors only with services that need them. These steps reduce exposure; they do not change the signature algorithm.
- Track activation, not announcements. A usable migration requires an adopted proposal, released node software, consensus activation, wallet creation and signing support, and compatible recovery tools.
- Test any future migration with a small amount first. Confirm that the receiving wallet can derive the same address, the signer can produce the required signature, nodes relay the transaction, and a fresh recovery restores the funds.
- Keep records of derivation and policy details. For multisignature or descriptor wallets, document every participant, derivation path, threshold, and backup. A new signature scheme will not automatically make an old recovery phrase or descriptor sufficient.
How to judge a vendor’s future claim
Minimum technical evidence
- A reproducible address example and a documented network identifier.
- The precise algorithm name, parameters, and implementation version.
- Source or build instructions that let an independent user verify a signature.
- A transaction format accepted by the relevant full nodes and explorers.
- Clear statements about whether existing seeds, descriptors, and hardware devices remain compatible.
Warning signs
- “Quantum-safe” is used only to describe encrypted storage or a secure element.
- The product generates a new key type but cannot spend on a named live network.
- Documentation discusses a proposal without an activation status.
- Addresses are described as Bitcoin-compatible without specifying mainnet, testnet, or a fork.
- No recovery procedure explains how post-quantum keys are backed up and restored.
Bottom line for each common question
Which Bitcoin wallet is quantum-safe right now?
None of the mainstream Bitcoin mainnet wallets identified in the available official materials is documented as natively creating and verifying post-quantum Bitcoin signatures.
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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsDoes Ledger or Trezor support post-quantum Bitcoin signatures?
Their use through Electrum documents hardware signing and custody, not protocol-level post-quantum Bitcoin support. A hardware device should not be treated as a quantum solution without explicit network, algorithm, and transaction evidence.
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Is Electrum quantum resistant?
Electrum is documented as a conventional Bitcoin wallet with SPV, seed recovery, multisignature, and hardware integrations. No official post-quantum signature claim is established.
Can Bitcoin Core use BIP-360 addresses?
No activated, official BIP-360 wallet path is identified in the reviewed Bitcoin Core support material. BIP-360 remains a proposal, and P2MR alone would not supply post-quantum signatures.
Do you need a new wallet before quantum computers can break Bitcoin?
There is no documented mainstream replacement to install today for Bitcoin mainnet. The sensible preparation is to avoid unnecessary key exposure, maintain tested backups, and verify any future network-wide migration before moving funds.
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