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Start with the National Stock Exchange of India’s Corporate Filings – Regulation 31(1) and 31(2) page. Search for the company name or trading symbol, select a date range, and open the attachment or download the available CSV. Then use NSE’s Regulation 31 Event Based view to identify whether a record is a creation, release or invocation and to see the lender, beneficiary, reason, event date and post-event balance. For a company listed on both exchanges, cross-check the filing in the BSE corporate-filings search. SEBI’s corporate-filings directory provides links to these exchange filing areas.
What a Regulation 31 filing tells you
Regulation 31 disclosures show when shares held by a promoter, or by a person acting in concert with the promoter, are encumbered. “Encumbrance” is broader than a simple pledge. The filing can identify a pledge, lien, non-disposal undertaking or another form of restriction on the shares.
The rule separates the initial encumbrance from what happens to it later:
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- Regulation 31(1): disclosure of shares encumbered by the promoter or persons acting in concert with the promoter.
- Regulation 31(2): disclosure when that encumbrance is invoked or released.
- Regulation 31(3): the disclosure must be submitted within seven working days of creation, invocation or release to every stock exchange where the shares are listed and to the company’s registered office.
- Regulation 31(4): an annual declaration that no other encumbrance was created during the financial year. This declaration is due within seven working days after the financial year to the exchanges and the company’s audit committee.
The NSE compliance calendar notes an exception where the encumbrance is undertaken in a depository. Read the filing’s own wording rather than assuming every restricted share is a bank pledge.
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Fastest route: NSE Regulation 31 filings
The NSE index is usually the quickest searchable starting point for an NSE-listed company. The index is a directory; the attached filing is the document to preserve and rely on for the promoter’s signed figures.
Open the company’s Regulation 31 record
- Open NSE’s Corporate Filings – Regulation 31(1) and 31(2) page.
- Enter the company name or its trading symbol.
- Set a date range broad enough to include the suspected pledge, release or invocation.
- Review the returned rows. The index includes the promoter name, reporting date, promoter holding, holding already encumbered and an attachment.
- Open the attachment for each relevant row. Download or save it with the filing date so you retain the signed source document.
If the company has many filings, begin with the period surrounding the event you are investigating, then widen the range. A row’s reporting date is not necessarily the date on which the shares were created, released or invoked.
Use the NSE event-based view for event-level details
For a timeline or a question such as “How many shares were invoked?” use NSE’s Regulation 31 Event Based page. This view is designed to distinguish the type and substance of each event.
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- Event type: creation, release or invocation.
- Event date.
- Number and percentage of shares involved.
- Reason for the encumbrance.
- Entity in whose favor the shares are encumbered.
- Ultimate lender or debenture issuer.
- Post-event holding and post-event encumbered balance.
- Broadcast date and time.
- Applicable regulation.
Search for the company, inspect each event in chronological order and open the attachment when the figures or wording matter. The event view can expose a lender or beneficiary that is not obvious from a high-level exchange index.
Creation, release and invocation are different events
A creation adds an encumbrance. A release removes all or part of an encumbrance. An invocation occurs when the beneficiary enforces the security, typically after the relevant obligation is not met. An invocation is therefore not interchangeable with a voluntary release and should not automatically be described as a fresh pledge.
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Before writing a note or comparing two dates, read the event-type field and the stated reason. A lower encumbered balance can result from a release, while an invocation may also change the promoter’s holding or the ownership position. The filing is the authority for what happened.
Cross-check the filing on BSE
If the company is listed on BSE, search its corporate filings as a second record. Open the company’s Regulation 31 attachment rather than relying only on a search-result summary.
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What the BSE attachment can show
A BSE filing example includes the core fields needed to reconstruct the event:
- Promoter holding.
- Existing encumbrance before the event.
- Event type and event date.
- Type of encumbrance.
- Reason for the encumbrance.
- Lender or beneficiary.
- Post-event holding and encumbered balance.
For dual-listed companies, compare the NSE and BSE attachments for the same event. Different publication or broadcast times do not by themselves indicate different transactions. If the exchange index and an attachment appear inconsistent, use the signed attachment as the primary record and retain both records for an audit trail.
Find the exchange pages through SEBI’s directory
SEBI’s Corporate Filings page links to the filing sections maintained by NSE and BSE, including shareholding-pattern and other corporate-filing areas. This is useful when an exchange page has moved or when you want to start from the regulator’s directory rather than a search engine.
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The exchange pages contain the company-specific records. SEBI’s directory is a navigation point, not a replacement for reading the company’s Regulation 31 attachment.
How to read one filing without confusing the dates
Every record should be read as a set of separate dates and balances. Keep these concepts in different columns in your notes:
| Item | Meaning | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Event date | The date the creation, release or invocation occurred. | Use this to place the transaction in the timeline. |
| Reporting date | The date associated with the promoter’s submitted disclosure. | It can differ from the underlying event date. |
| Broadcast date and time | When the exchange published or broadcast the filing. | It explains when the market could see the disclosure. |
| Promoter holding | The promoter’s holding reported in the filing. | Use it as the denominator context for percentages. |
| Already-encumbered holding | The encumbered balance before the reported event. | It prevents treating an old pledge as a new one. |
| Event shares and percentage | The shares and percentage affected by this event. | These are the quantities created, released or invoked in the event. |
| Post-event encumbered holding | The encumbered balance after the event. | Compare it with the pre-event balance to check the direction and scale of change. |
Also record the encumbrance type, the reason given, the entity in whose favor it was made and the ultimate lender or debenture issuer. These fields can distinguish a financing pledge from another restriction and can explain why the balance changed.
Interpreting the numbers correctly
Separate the event quantity from the total balance
The number of shares affected by an event is not necessarily the same as the total number of encumbered shares after that event. For a release, compare the shares released with the existing encumbrance and the post-event balance. For an invocation, check both the invoked quantity and the promoter’s post-event holding. For a creation, check whether the post-event balance equals the prior encumbrance plus the newly encumbered shares, allowing for the figures and rounding used in the filing.
Read percentages with their denominator
A filing may state a percentage for the event and another percentage for the promoter’s overall holding or encumbered balance. Do not compare percentages from separate records until you confirm whether each is calculated against promoter holding, total share capital or another stated base. Preserve the filing’s units and decimal precision.
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Identify the beneficiary and ultimate lender
The entity in whose favor shares are encumbered may not be the ultimate lender. The event view can list both the beneficiary and the ultimate lender or debenture issuer. Capture both names exactly as filed, and do not collapse them into one party unless the document does so.
Checking the seven-working-day deadline
Regulation 31(3) requires the Regulation 31(1) and 31(2) disclosures within seven working days from creation, invocation or release. The filing goes to every stock exchange where the shares are listed and to the target company at its registered office.
To check timing, compare the event date with the reporting date and then with the exchange broadcast date. Count working days under the applicable calendar; do not treat seven calendar days as the rule. A later broadcast can reflect exchange processing after the promoter submitted the disclosure. The dates alone do not establish a violation, so avoid calling a filing late without checking the submission details and applicable holidays.
Annual declaration under Regulation 31(4)
The annual declaration is a separate compliance item from an event filing. It states that no other encumbrance was made during the financial year and is due within seven working days after the financial year to the stock exchanges and the company’s audit committee.
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SEBI’s 2019 reason-disclosure requirement
SEBI Circular No. SEBI/HO/CFD/DCR1/CIR/P/2019/90, dated August 7, 2019, specifically concerns disclosure of the reasons for promoter encumbrance. Consequently, the reason field deserves the same attention as the number of shares. Quote or summarize the stated reason accurately, and distinguish the promoter’s explanation from your own interpretation.
A practical comparison checklist
When two exchange records, two dates or two figures appear to conflict, compare the same six points in both documents:
- Event type: creation, release or invocation.
- Event date versus reporting date and broadcast date.
- Number and percentage of shares involved.
- Encumbrance type and stated reason.
- Beneficiary and ultimate lender or debenture issuer.
- Post-event holding and post-event encumbered balance.
If the index display differs from the attachment, treat the signed attachment as the primary record. Keep the index row as evidence of how the exchange catalogued the filing, but use the attachment’s promoter figures, signature and date for substantive analysis.
Troubleshooting common searches
No result appears for the company name
- Try the exchange’s trading symbol instead of the legal name.
- Widen the date range; a filing may be indexed by reporting date rather than event date.
- Check whether the company is listed on the other exchange and search its corporate filings there.
- Use SEBI’s corporate-filings directory to confirm that you are in the current filing section.
The result shows a reduction but no obvious release
Open the attachment and check the event type. The reduction may be a release or an invocation, and the reason and beneficiary fields can distinguish them. Compare the pre-event and post-event balances rather than inferring the event from the final number alone.
NSE and BSE show different dates
Separate the event date, reporting date and broadcast time first. The exchanges may publish the same underlying disclosure at different times. Compare the signed attachments and the six comparison points above before concluding that the filings describe different events.
What to save for a reliable record
- The NSE Regulation 31 index row.
- The NSE event-based result, when available.
- The complete signed attachment, including promoter figures and signature/date details.
- The corresponding BSE attachment for a dual-listed company.
- The filing’s event, reporting and broadcast dates.
- The annual Regulation 31(4) declaration for the relevant financial year.
This record lets you explain not only how many shares were encumbered, released or invoked, but also when the event happened, why it was reported, who benefited and what balance remained afterward.
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