Keep signature verification enabled, reject mismatches, and diagnose the exact request and provider configuration before replaying deliveries. A failed check is a security boundary—not a reason to trust the payload or switch validation off.
Start by scoping the failure
Before changing code or replaying events, establish which provider and endpoint are affected and when the failures began. A recent secret rotation, environment-variable change, middleware or framework update, gateway deployment, or encoding change can point to where to investigate, but none is a diagnosis until confirmed.
- Identify the provider, endpoint or subscription, deployment or configuration change, start time, and affected event types.
- Determine whether every delivery fails or only a particular event class, endpoint, or environment.
- Check whether the provider attempted delivery. If no delivery appears in the provider’s records, verify that the event is subscribed to; GitHub notes that delivery records can be delayed and advises waiting a few minutes before concluding an event was not delivered.
Inspect one failed delivery end to end
Choose a single failed attempt and correlate the provider’s record with your application and gateway logs. Capture the delivery identifier, event type, timestamp, response status, and provider-reported error where available. This helps separate a signature mismatch from a request that never reached the application, a timeout, or a later processing failure.
Keep secrets out of source control, logs, URLs, tickets, and incident screenshots. Limit payload logging to what is necessary and permitted, and avoid exposing sensitive content in shared logs. GitHub’s guidance is to store webhook secrets securely rather than hardcoding or committing them.
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Check the provider’s signing contract and secret
Do not assume different webhook providers use the same header, algorithm, encoding, signing input, or secret configuration. Compare your verifier with the affected provider’s current official contract and the settings for this exact production endpoint.
For GitHub deliveries
GitHub recommends a webhook secret and the X-Hub-Signature-256 header, using HMAC-SHA256. Its troubleshooting guidance identifies a missing or incorrect configured secret as a possible cause; when no secret is configured, the signature header is absent. Confirm that the secret configured for the production webhook matches the one used by the receiving service. GitHub also recommends validating the signature before further processing.
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For Shopify deliveries
Shopify’s guidance is to verify the HMAC before trusting payload contents and reject deliveries whose signatures do not match. Its verification documentation supports automatic verification in its React Router template as well as manual HMAC verification using the raw request body. Use the method and inputs required by the specific Shopify integration rather than borrowing GitHub’s header or algorithm assumptions.
Verify the exact request body, not reconstructed JSON
Signature verification depends on the bytes the provider signed. Parsing a JSON body and serializing the resulting object again can change the signed input, even if the reconstructed JSON appears equivalent. Pass the untouched request body to the provider-appropriate verifier before parsing or otherwise consuming it.
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- Check middleware order. Shopify warns that a body parser such as
express.json()can run too early and prevent verification against the raw body. - Inspect whether application code, a proxy, load balancer, or API gateway changes the payload or headers. GitHub warns that intermediaries must not modify them.
- Check character encoding and byte handling across the request boundary. GitHub calls out UTF-8 handling for languages or server implementations that specify character encoding.
- Confirm that no earlier middleware reads, normalizes, decompresses, or reserializes the body before the verifier receives it.
If you need to compare byte-level behavior, use a controlled fixture and keep secrets and sensitive payload data out of shared output. Do not print a production secret to diagnose a mismatch.
Choose a verification path that preserves raw-body access
A provider-supported SDK or framework middleware can reduce the risk of implementing provider-specific details incorrectly, but only if it receives the original body and is configured for the right endpoint secret. Manual verification gives you control over the flow, but requires careful handling of the raw bytes, digest encoding, and comparison expected by that provider.
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| Approach | Useful when | Check before relying on it |
|---|---|---|
| Provider-supported SDK or framework middleware | The integration supports the provider’s documented verification path and fits your framework. | Confirm its version and configuration match the provider’s current contract, raw-body access is preserved, and failures are observable. |
| Manual verification | You need a custom request flow or the provider documents a manual method, such as Shopify’s raw-body HMAC option. | Test the exact signing input and byte handling with controlled fixtures; do not substitute parsed and reserialized JSON. |
Restore validation, then recover missed events
Correct the confirmed configuration or request-handling issue and deploy through your normal safe process. Verify the fix using a legitimate provider delivery or a safe provider-supported test. Check successful acknowledgment and downstream business processing separately: a valid signature authenticates the signed content according to that provider’s scheme; it does not prove that processing succeeded.
Only after verification works should you use the provider’s redelivery mechanism or reconciliation process for missed events. Make downstream effects idempotent and deduplicate using the provider’s delivery identifier, taking its redelivery behavior into account.
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- Shopify documents
X-Shopify-Webhook-Idfor identifying webhook deliveries and recommends idempotency to handle duplicates. - GitHub documents
X-GitHub-Delivery; a redelivery keeps the original delivery ID. GitHub also notes deliveries can arrive out of order. - Confirm whether your integration has a separate event ID for correlating related notifications. Do not treat signature validity as proof that an event is fresh, unique, or in order.
Meet the affected provider’s acknowledgment deadline
When synchronous processing cannot finish within the provider’s deadline, acknowledge only after durable acceptance into a queue or equivalent reliable handoff, then process asynchronously. A fast response without durable acceptance can lose work; a slow response can trigger a failed delivery and retries. The deadlines and retry rules below are provider-specific, not general webhook standards.
| Provider | Documented delivery behavior | Operational implication |
|---|---|---|
| GitHub | GitHub Docs, current troubleshooting and best-practices documentation accessed in 2026, says a 2xx response is expected within 10 seconds; without one, GitHub terminates the delivery and considers it failed. | Use a durable asynchronous handoff when the work cannot reliably finish inside that window. |
| Shopify | Shopify Developer Documentation, current verification documentation accessed in 2026, specifies a 1-second connection timeout and a 5-second total request timeout, expects a 200 response, and documents eight retries over four hours after failed deliveries. | Design acknowledgment and recovery around Shopify’s shorter connection and total request limits. |
| Shopify subscriptions configured using the Admin API | The same Shopify documentation says a subscription may be automatically deleted after eight consecutive failures. | Monitor consecutive failures and subscription status so a delivery incident does not silently become a subscription outage. |
Keep other security controls in their proper role
An IP allowlist is not a substitute for signature verification. GitHub recommends HTTPS with SSL verification enabled and notes its delivery IP addresses can change, so any allowlist needs periodic updates. Keep rejecting mismatches even if transport or network controls are also in place.
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