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Stop the agent’s active workflow, cut off the access it could use to cause further harm, preserve the available logs, and check every connected system for changes. Then recover through the affected system’s authorized process and verify the result before restoring access. A stop command can prevent more actions, but it cannot tell you what has already happened or reverse an action that has completed.

What to do first

  1. Stop the active workflow. Use the platform’s pause or stop control if you can rely on it. If the agent continues, or has access to important systems, disable the affected integration or ask an authorized administrator to revoke the relevant credential or permission. Do not rely on the agent’s own statement that it has stopped. OWASP recommends interruption and fail-closed controls, and Microsoft recommends reliable system-level stop mechanisms: OWASP AI Agent Security Cheat Sheet and Microsoft agent-risk guidance.
  2. Preserve the incident trail. Before changing or deleting records, save the available run history and note the time, agent or run identity, tool or integration, target system, relevant parameters, approval state, and result. Keep secrets and sensitive personal information out of unsecured notes. The platform may not expose every field; record what it does show. OWASP calls for clear audit trails, and Microsoft recommends logs of actions, tools, and outcomes.
  3. Check the scope in connected systems. Inspect the target service and related workflows for changes, messages, transactions, data reads or exports, and follow-on actions. Check both completed actions and actions blocked by a safeguard. Logs from the agent alone may not show everything that happened downstream.
  4. Escalate consequential events. Contact the system owner or your organization’s security or incident-response team if the event involved unauthorized access, sensitive data, an external communication, money, privileges, destructive changes, continued activity, or a plausible malicious instruction. Reporting requirements depend on the organization, affected systems, and jurisdiction; there is no universal notification rule for every agent incident.
  5. Recover through the affected system. Confirm what changed and consult that system’s owner before attempting an undo. Use an authorized, documented recovery process and verify the resulting state. A stop command cannot recall an email that has already been delivered, and some downstream actions cannot be reversed. OWASP recommends rollback capability and idempotency where possible, but recovery is specific to the service and action.
  6. Check safeguards before resuming. Remove tools and permissions the agent does not need. Require independent authorization and human approval for high-impact actions, validate parameters outside the model, and confirm that logs and a dependable stop control are available.

How to tell what the agent changed

Build a timeline from the agent’s run history and the logs or activity records of each connected service. Compare the state before and after the run where possible. Record the action, tool, target, parameters, time, approval, and outcome when those details are available. Then check whether the action triggered another workflow, such as sending a notification, updating a record, or initiating a transaction.

Do not assume that a missing entry in one log proves nothing happened. Agent logs and downstream service logs can show different parts of the event. The exact records and retention periods depend on the platform, integration, and organization.

Why an agent might take the wrong action

A mistaken action can follow from an ordinary error, an ambiguous instruction, or manipulated input. An agent that reads web pages, documents, email, or other external data may encounter malicious instructions embedded in that content. NIST CAISI describes this as agent hijacking: instructions in ingested data can lead an agent toward unintended harmful actions.

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In a January 2025 NIST CAISI evaluation using an upgraded Claude 3.5 Sonnet model, AgentDojo environments, and added scenarios, attack success ranged from 11% for the strongest baseline attack to 81% for the strongest new attack. These results apply only to that test setup; they are not a failure rate or prevalence estimate for deployed agents. The reviewed authoritative sources do not establish a general statistic for how often deployed agents take the wrong action.

OWASP identifies excessive functionality, permissions, and autonomy as common root causes of damaging agent actions. Reduce the tools and permissions available to the agent, and enforce authorization in the downstream systems rather than relying on the model to decide what it may do. See OWASP LLM06:2025 Excessive Agency.

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What safeguards matter before the next run

  • Approval for consequential actions: Require meaningful human approval for high-impact or irreversible operations. Approval should apply to the specific action—not a vague request—including the actor, tool, target, normalized parameters, timestamp, and expiry.
  • Independent authorization: Have the execution system check scope, privileges, and approval before carrying out a proposed action. Enforce permissions on every downstream request rather than asking the model whether an action is allowed.
  • Limited access and autonomy: Give the agent only the tools, functions, and permissions it needs, and set autonomy boundaries according to risk. Where possible, run actions in the user’s authorized context.
  • Reliable interruption and records: Make pause or stop controls available outside the model’s own decision-making, and keep accessible logs of actions, tools, approvals, and outcomes. Controls should fail closed if required policy, approval, or logging is unavailable.
  • Protection against replay and duplicate actions: Where the system supports it, use short-lived authorization, replay protection, and idempotent operations so repeated requests do not create repeated effects.
  • Input and parameter checks: Treat external content as untrusted and validate tool choices and parameters deterministically before execution.

OWASP’s AI Agent Security Cheat Sheet recommends explicit approval for high-impact or irreversible actions, action previews, autonomy boundaries, audit trails, and ways to interrupt and roll back operations. Microsoft’s agent-risk guidance similarly emphasizes user control, visible plans and outcomes, reliable stop mechanisms, accessible logs, and validation of tools and parameters.

How to assess a platform’s controls

When reviewing an agent platform or integration, check whether its controls answer these questions:

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  • Does pause or stop interrupt an active workflow, or does it only prevent future calls?
  • Can an administrator revoke access independently of the agent?
  • Does approval cover the exact target and parameters that will be executed?
  • Can logs show actions, tools, outcomes, and approval status?
  • Can the downstream action be reversed, and can you verify the restored state?
  • Does the system fail closed if approval, policy checks, or logging are unavailable?

These are evaluation criteria drawn from OWASP and Microsoft guidance, not results of a vendor comparison.

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Incident response beyond the agent

For an organization, an agent incident may need to follow the same established security incident-response process used for other systems. NIST SP 800-61 Rev. 2 is general incident-response guidance, not an agent-specific recovery manual. NIST describes its scope as preparation through post-incident lessons learned, including detection, minimizing loss and destruction, mitigating exploited weaknesses, and restoring services. The publication page lists August 6, 2012 as its publication date and May 4, 2021 as its update date: NIST SP 800-61 Rev. 2.

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The precise recovery steps, available credential controls, and any notification duties depend on the platform, connected service, deployment, organization, and jurisdiction. Consult the affected system owner and applicable procedures rather than assuming that a general agent stop or rollback feature is sufficient.

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