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If your generator is running low during a fuel shortage, immediately turn off nonessential equipment, keep only life-safety and essential devices on a schedule, and run the generator in planned operating blocks. Shut it down between blocks when those loads are not needed. Before adding fuel, switch the generator off and let the engine cool completely.

Use only the fuel specified on the generator label or in its manual, store it in an approved safety can outside living areas, and never siphon gasoline. Operate a portable generator outdoors at least 20 feet from doors, windows and vents, with working carbon-monoxide (CO) alarms nearby. If you cannot maintain safe fuel, temperature, medical-power or CO conditions, move to a shelter, charging station, cooling center or warming center.

Take these actions first

  1. Remove nonessential loads. Turn off decorative lighting, entertainment equipment, electric cooking appliances and other devices that are not needed for safety, health, food preservation or communication.
  2. Identify the next essential operating period. Decide when medical equipment, refrigeration, communications or essential heating or cooling must run, rather than leaving every device powered continuously.
  3. Check the generator’s fuel requirement. Read the label or manual before obtaining or adding fuel. Gasoline, diesel, propane and other fuels are not interchangeable unless the manufacturer expressly permits them.
  4. Inspect the operating location. A portable generator must be outdoors, at least 20 feet from every door, window and vent, with exhaust directed away from openings. Never move it into a garage, basement, shed, carport, crawlspace or other partially enclosed space.
  5. Set a fallback point. If the remaining fuel cannot cover critical needs, arrange transportation to a safe location with power, such as a shelter, charging station, cooling center or warming center.

Do not wait until the tank is empty to decide which loads matter. A written schedule prevents a low-fuel emergency from becoming a medical or temperature emergency.

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Decide what stays powered

Rank equipment by the consequence of losing power. The order below is a planning framework; your doctor’s instructions, the generator manual and local emergency guidance take precedence.

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Priority Examples How to operate during a shortage
1: Life safety and medical Required medical devices, medically necessary refrigeration, and equipment that must remain on for a person’s safety Keep running for the period prescribed by the device instructions or care plan. Arrange a powered alternative before the generator can no longer meet the need.
2: Food and medication preservation Refrigerator or freezer used for food or temperature-sensitive medicines Run in planned blocks that maintain safe temperatures, and keep doors closed between blocks. Follow the food or medicine manufacturer’s temperature guidance.
3: Communication and emergency information Phone charging, radio, internet equipment or other essential communication tools Charge several devices together during one short block instead of running the generator solely for one charger.
4: Essential heating or cooling Heating or cooling needed to protect health, infants, older adults or people with medical conditions Use the minimum setting and schedule operation around the most hazardous indoor temperatures. Relocate if safe temperatures cannot be maintained.
5: Comfort and convenience Televisions, game systems, nonessential lighting, laundry and discretionary cooking Leave off until fuel supplies and critical loads are secure.

Check the wattage label on every device you plan to run. Motors and compressors can draw a higher starting load than their running wattage. A generator that appears adequate on paper can overload when a refrigerator, pump or air conditioner starts at the same time as another motor.

Use scheduled operating blocks

Choose a block schedule

Two basic strategies are possible. Running continuously at a low load provides uninterrupted power but consumes fuel even when no one needs it. Scheduled blocks conserve fuel by concentrating essential activities, but they require planning and may not suit equipment that must operate continuously. Medical equipment with a prescribed duty cycle is the exception: follow its instructions rather than a generic schedule.

Write the schedule where everyone in the household can see it. For example, one block can cover refrigerator operation, medical-device charging and phone charging; another can cover essential heating or cooling. Between blocks, switch off connected loads first, then shut down the generator according to the manual. Record the start and stop times and the fuel level so you can see whether the plan is sustainable.

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Stagger startup

  1. Start the generator with all loads disconnected or switched off, as the manual directs.
  2. Connect the highest-priority device first and let it stabilize.
  3. Add other devices one at a time, waiting for each motor or compressor to start before adding another.
  4. Stop adding loads if the engine labors, the output drops, a breaker trips or the manual’s overload indicator appears.

Do not solve an overload by replacing a breaker with a larger one or by using improvised wiring. Remove a load and reassess the schedule.

Estimate without making a universal fuel promise

There is no single household fuel quantity that guarantees a particular runtime. Consumption changes with generator size, connected load, fuel type, tank capacity, weather and local rules. Use the runtime information in your model’s manual only as an estimate, then compare it with your actual fuel level and operating pattern.

FEMA guidance for critical facilities is not a household stocking recommendation. It explains that NFPA 110 requirements vary by facility and hazard and describes onsite supplies ranging from five minutes to 48 hours, with longer planning in some critical facilities. Those figures should not be treated as a target for a home.

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Refuel without creating a fire or poisoning hazard

  1. Turn the generator off. Never add fuel while the engine is running or hot.
  2. Let it cool completely. Fuel spilled on a hot engine or exhaust can ignite. Cooling time depends on the model and conditions; follow the manual and use a conservative wait if the engine has been working hard.
  3. Move the fuel can and generator into a safe outdoor arrangement. Keep ignition sources, smoking materials and people away from the refueling area. Do not refuel inside a home, garage or other enclosed space.
  4. Use the specified fuel and an approved safety can. The container must be intended for that fuel and comply with local fire-code limits. Do not transfer fuel into drink bottles, food containers or unapproved jugs.
  5. Prevent and clean spills. Close the can and generator cap securely, wipe up any spill before restarting, and keep fuel away from drains and soil. If a large spill occurs or vapors accumulate, leave the area and contact local emergency services for guidance.

Why you should never siphon gasoline

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention warns that siphoning gasoline can cause burns, exposure to concentrated vapors, aspiration injury and illness if gasoline is swallowed. A hose can also create a sudden spill and static or ignition hazard. Do not put your mouth on a hose, use a homemade pump or attempt to transfer fuel from a vehicle or another tank. Obtain the correct fuel through a lawful, safe source or move to a location where power is available.

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Store and ration the fuel you have

Keep approved fuel containers outside living areas, away from heat, flames, ignition sources and children. Follow the container instructions, the generator manual and local fire-code limits. Do not store fuel in a basement, stairwell, near a furnace or in an occupied room. Keep containers upright and closed, and inspect them for damage or leaks before use.

During a shortage, separate fuel physically or label it by intended use so the amount reserved for a medical device or the next operating block is not consumed accidentally. Do not assume that a larger stockpile is automatically safer; the legal quantity, permitted container type and storage location vary by jurisdiction. If local rules or your building make safe storage impossible, plan to refuel through shorter trips or relocate to a powered facility instead.

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Prevent carbon-monoxide poisoning

Generator exhaust contains CO, an odorless gas that can kill without warning. The CDC’s August 26, 2026 public-health message reports that more than 500 Americans are killed by CO each year. The American Red Cross identifies CO poisoning, electric shock or electrocution, and fire as the primary generator hazards.

  • Place a portable generator outdoors at least 20 feet from doors, windows and vents, measured from the generator to the opening.
  • Keep exhaust pointed away from the building and away from neighboring openings.
  • Never operate it in a home, garage, basement, carport, shed, crawlspace or any partially enclosed area.
  • Do not rely on an open window, door or fan. Ventilation changes do not make indoor operation safe.
  • Install battery-operated or backup CO alarms on every level and outside sleeping areas. Test them and replace batteries according to the alarm instructions.

If an alarm sounds or anyone develops headache, dizziness, weakness, nausea, chest pain, confusion or unusual sleepiness, leave immediately for fresh air. Call emergency services from outside. Do not re-enter until responders say it is safe, and do not restart the generator in a different indoor or semi-enclosed location.

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Connect appliances without electrocution or backfeed

Use correctly rated cords

For a portable generator, use heavy-duty, outdoor-rated extension cords rated for the total connected load. Inspect each cord for cuts, crushed insulation, loose plugs or heat damage. Keep cords dry, protect them from standing water and do not run them under rugs or through doorways where they can be pinched.

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Calculate the combined running load and allow for motor-starting surges. If the cord, plug or receptacle becomes hot, disconnect the load and stop to find the cause. Never join multiple light-duty cords to reach a device.

Never backfeed a building

Do not plug a generator into a wall outlet. This can energize house wiring, expose utility workers and neighbors to lethal voltage, and damage the generator or the electrical system. For a permanent connection, a qualified electrician must install a transfer switch and any required interlock or protection. Use that equipment exactly as designed.

Make each operating block count

  • Group charging tasks so phones, radios, battery packs and medical-device batteries charge during the same block.
  • Close refrigerator and freezer doors between scheduled runs.
  • Turn off devices at the appliance switch before disconnecting them, then remove plugs if the manual recommends it.
  • Avoid starting several motor-driven appliances together; sequence them after the generator stabilizes.
  • Keep a written log of fuel added, hours run, connected loads and any breaker trip or warning. This reveals which devices consume the most fuel and helps you shorten later blocks.
  • Have flashlights, charged battery packs and a battery-operated radio ready so the generator is not started merely for lighting or brief information checks.

Do not modify the engine, fuel system, exhaust or electrical protection to extend runtime. A modification that saves fuel can create fire, CO or shock hazards and may violate the manufacturer’s instructions.

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Know when to stop and relocate

Stop operating and seek help if you cannot keep the generator 20 feet from openings, cannot maintain working CO alarms, have a fuel leak, lack the specified fuel, or cannot connect loads without overloading the unit. Relocate medical equipment and vulnerable people before the current fuel is exhausted when indoor temperatures are becoming dangerous or a prescribed treatment cannot be maintained.

A cooling center, warming center, shelter or charging station may be safer than trying to stretch the last fuel through increasingly long operating periods. Bring required medicines, identification, chargers, food and any instructions for medical devices. Tell emergency personnel what equipment was running and whether anyone may have been exposed to CO.

Prepare before the next outage

  • Read the generator manual and record the approved fuel type, starting procedure, rated output and overload instructions.
  • List household loads by life-safety, medical, refrigeration, communication, temperature-control and comfort priority.
  • Confirm that extension cords are outdoor-rated and sized for the planned loads.
  • Test CO alarms on every level and outside sleeping areas; keep replacement batteries available.
  • Choose an outdoor operating location that remains at least 20 feet from openings in all likely weather conditions.
  • Check local rules for fuel quantities, approved containers and storage locations.
  • Identify nearby shelters, charging stations, cooling centers and warming centers, and decide how to reach them if fuel or indoor conditions become unsafe.

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