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An AI agent delegation policy should identify who authorizes each agent, define the task and limits of its authority, control any sub-delegation, require approval for high-impact actions, and enforce permissions outside the model itself. It should also cover agent identity, prompt injection, audit logs, revocation, and review when tools or permissions change. The goal is to make every consequential action traceable to an accountable principal and a narrow, current grant of authority.
Start with scope and accountability
State which agent types, systems, environments, users, and business processes the policy covers. Name the policy owner and identify who is responsible for granting authority, approving sensitive actions, operating the agent, and reviewing its activity.
For every delegation, identify the human or organizational principal on whose behalf the agent acts. A deployment model does not transfer responsibility for data, identity and token scope, action authorization, human oversight, or acceptable use; Microsoft describes these as customer responsibilities in its vendor-authored, illustrative shared-responsibility guidance.
Give each agent a verifiable identity
Assign agents distinct identities that downstream systems can use for authorization and audit. Define how identities and credentials are issued, authenticated, rotated, expired, and revoked. Preserve the link among the agent, its authorizing principal, the task, and the grant that permits the task.
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NIST NCCoE’s February 2026 concept paper, Accelerating the Adoption of Software and AI Agent Identity and Authorization, identifies identity metadata, authentication strength, key lifecycle, and binding agent identity to human identity as topics for further standards work. It frames these as areas to explore, not as a finalized universal mechanism.
Make every grant narrow and task-bound
Write each grant so an enforcement system can determine what is allowed without asking the agent to interpret or expand its own authority. Specify the following for each grant:
- The authorizing principal and the agent identity.
- The purpose, task, and boundaries of the work.
- Permitted tools, operations, resources, data classes, tenants, and environments.
- Separate capabilities for reading, writing, sending, deleting, executing, and administering.
- When the grant starts, expires, completes, or is cancelled, and how it can be revoked.
- Whether sub-delegation is allowed and, if so, under what limits.
Apply least privilege and minimum functionality. Prefer an operation-specific interface over a general-purpose tool when it can accomplish the task. OWASP warns that an extension that appears to provide read access may also carry unnecessary write or delete privileges; permissions should be enforced through the identity used to access downstream systems.
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Control sub-delegation and preserve the chain
Say explicitly whether an agent may call or create other agents. If it may, define eligible sub-agents, the work they may receive, the scope and duration of each downstream grant, and whether onward delegation is prohibited. A sub-agent must not gain broader authority than its parent grant.
Require downstream actions to retain enough authorization context to verify the originating principal, the agent chain, the active grant, and the resource scope. NIST describes multi-hop delegation and binding authorization context across boundaries as open design challenges. Its summary of public comments discusses signed delegation information and scope attenuation as proposals raised by commenters, not settled universal requirements.
Set action categories and approval gates
Maintain a risk-based action matrix that identifies what may run autonomously, what requires approval, and what is not permitted. For example, an organization might classify actions as follows; the actual classification should reflect its systems and risk tolerance.
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| Action category | Policy treatment |
|---|---|
| Routine, bounded, reversible work within the grant | May run autonomously if the runtime authorization check succeeds and activity is logged. |
| High-impact or difficult-to-reverse work, such as payments, privilege changes, destructive operations, production deployments, or external communications | Require an approval tied to the specific action before execution. |
| Actions outside the grant or expressly barred by policy | Prohibit; do not treat a user request, model plan, or approval for a different action as an override. |
Bind an approval to the actual actor, tool, target, normalized parameters, time, and expiry. An approval for one target or parameter set should not authorize a changed request. OWASP recommends short-lived authorization artifacts and replay protection for irreversible operations. Execution should stop if risk classification, approval validation, policy lookup, or audit logging fails.
Enforce authorization independently of the model
Put the decisive authorization check in a policy service, gateway, tool execution proxy, or downstream system. Check every request against the current principal, agent identity, task, grant, target, and approval state. Re-check at execution time so a stale plan or revoked grant cannot authorize an action.
A system prompt or model-generated plan is not proof of permission. OWASP calls for complete mediation in downstream systems and separate validation of scope, privilege, and approval before high-impact execution. If the check cannot establish that an action is allowed, fail closed rather than letting the agent proceed.
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Keep untrusted content from changing authority
Treat webpages, emails, documents, retrieved material, tool outputs, and other agents’ outputs as data, not as authorization. Define which trusted components may create or change grants. Retrieved content may inform a proposal, but it must not grant permissions, change approval thresholds, suppress logs, or bypass execution checks.
Microsoft recommends treating tool, retrieval, and agent outputs as untrusted, separating instructions from data, and gating high-impact actions. NIST’s concept paper also identifies direct and indirect prompt injection prevention and impact reduction as areas to address.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Log actions and prepare for incidents
For consequential actions, capture the authorizing principal, agent identity and delegation chain, grant or policy version, task, effective permissions, requested action, tool, target, parameters, approval, outcome, and timestamp. Protect records against tampering and specify who can access them, how long they are retained, what activity triggers alerts, and how incidents are investigated.
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Use monitoring to identify unusual tool activity and investigate changes in grants or capabilities. NIST raises tamper-resistant, verifiable logging and non-repudiation as matters requiring resolution; OWASP recommends audit trails and runtime monitoring. The policy should describe the evidence and response process without assuming that a log alone prevents misuse.
Review changes and revoke stale access
Maintain a versioned capability manifest showing what each agent component can do and which capabilities create external effects. Review changes to tools, permissions, instructions, data sources, identities, and orchestration before they are put into use. Reassess grants periodically and revoke those no longer needed.
OWASP’s threat-modeling guidance recommends linking the threat model to the capability manifest and monitoring runtime tool behavior for drift. A change that adds a tool or widens a capability should trigger review of the affected grant and its risk classification.
Set operational limits and manage exceptions
Where relevant, set ceilings for steps, loops, run time, spend, request rates, and data egress. Specify who may approve an exception, why it is allowed, when it expires, what compensating controls apply, and when the issue must be escalated. Microsoft identifies orchestration limits, multi-agent trust boundaries, action logging, and sandboxing among agent-specific responsibility areas.
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NIST does not endorse one universal delegation mechanism in the materials described here. Compare candidate approaches against the controls the policy requires:
- Can the system bind a human or organizational principal to a distinct agent identity?
- Can grants be restricted by task, tool, operation, resource, and time?
- Can downstream systems verify the delegation chain and prevent scope widening?
- Where is each action authorized, and can approval be bound to the exact action?
- How quickly can credentials and grants expire or be revoked?
- Do logs provide useful, tamper-resistant evidence for audits and incident response?
- How does the approach fit existing identity infrastructure and cross-organization boundaries?
NIST’s February 2026 concept paper presents identity and authorization questions for further exploration, while its public-comment summary describes signed delegation tokens and scope attenuation as proposals. Neither establishes a single mechanism as a universal standard. Adapt the policy to the organization’s systems, risk tolerance, and applicable requirements.
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