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What does a Class 4 switch do?
When a call needs to travel between network offices, a Class 4 switch provides an intermediate step: it connects one trunk to another so the call can continue toward its destination. A carrier-agreement template defines a tandem switch as connecting trunks “for the purpose of exchanging traffic” and describes it as an intermediate switch between a call’s origin and final destination. Source: carrier-agreement template
In practical terms, the switch routes traffic through the public switched telephone network (PSTN). It is identified by its position and function in the call path, not by a particular model number or guaranteed hardware design.
Where it fits in a call path
A simplified call path may look like this:
- The caller’s telephone connects to a local end office, typically a Class 5 switch.
- If the call must travel between network offices, one or more Class 4 tandem switches may route it onward.
- A destination-side end office connects the call to the recipient’s telephone.
Not every call passes through a Class 4 switch. A tandem is relevant when traffic needs to move between offices or networks; it is not a required stop in every call. A technical reference describes tandem switches as intermediate network equipment rather than a direct connection to customers. Source: technical reference
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Class 4 vs. Class 5 switches
| Characteristic | Class 4 | Class 5 |
|---|---|---|
| Common name | Tandem switch | End-office switch |
| Network position | Intermediate, between offices or switches | Local exchange, serving subscriber lines |
| Typical role | Routes traffic between trunks and network offices | Connects local subscribers to the telephone network |
| Direct connection to individual telephones | Generally no | Associated with subscriber lines and telephones |
The distinction is functional: Class 4 describes intermediate switching, while Class 5 describes subscriber-serving end-office switching. Technical reference
Common tandem roles
Access tandem
An access tandem connects local end offices toward interexchange carriers, such as long-distance carriers, often at a carrier point of presence. Technical reference
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Local or sector tandem
A local or sector tandem connects end offices to exchange traffic within a local access and transport area. These labels describe common traffic roles, not a universal naming scheme: terminology and network design can vary by carrier. Technical reference
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Is a Class 4 switch a specific hardware model?
No. “Class 4” identifies an intermediate switching role in the network, and the term does not by itself specify one model or physical implementation. In U.S. PSTN usage, it commonly refers to a tandem switch. Dialogic glossary
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- PLUG-AND-PLAY UNMANAGED NETWORK SWITCH: Simple plug-and-play setup with no software to install or configuration required.
- FLEXIBLE MOUNTING OPTIONS: Compact metal design supports desktop or wall-mount placement for versatile installation.
- SILENT & ENERGY-EFFICIENT OPERATION: Fanless design ensures silent performance, while IEEE 802.3az Energy Efficient Ethernet reduces power consumption without compromising high-speed network performance.
- REGIONAL COMPATIBILITY: Made for use in U.S. & CA only
Regulatory and carrier materials may use Class 4 switching terminology for specific service or network purposes, rather than as a complete engineering classification. Regulatory material
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