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Turning off AI training is not the same as deleting your chats, clearing saved memories, or limiting connected-app data. ChatGPT, Gemini, Microsoft Copilot, and Claude each expose different controls—and some may retain data for safety or service improvement. This comparison covers personal accounts and the official documentation available on October 7, 2026; it is not an independent security audit.
What to check before sharing information with a personal AI assistant
Assess each service across separate controls: model improvement, chat history and deletion, memory and personalization, temporary modes, and connected data. A setting in one category does not automatically change the others. For example, opting out of training may leave chats in history, while turning off saved memory may leave existing memories intact.
- Model improvement: Does a setting or opt-in govern whether conversations can be used to improve models, and what happens to new chats after you change it?
- History and deletion: Does a chat remain visible in history, and what does the service say happens after you delete it?
- Memory and personalization: Can the assistant save details for later, and is switching that feature off separate from deleting saved items?
- Temporary or private modes: What do they exclude, and what limited safety retention may still apply?
- Connected data and account scope: Can files, apps, browser information, device context, or organizational policies affect the experience?
These are policy and product-documentation comparisons, not a verdict that one service is universally more private. Avoid entering confidential material unless the service, account type, settings, and applicable terms are appropriate for it.
How the four personal AI platforms handle data
| Platform and scope | Training or model improvement | History, deletion, and temporary use | Memory and connected data |
|---|---|---|---|
| ChatGPT Personal accounts; availability of controls can depend on sign-in status, plan, and workspace. |
With “Improve the model for everyone” off, new conversations are not used to train OpenAI models. The setting applies across devices for a signed-in account. OpenAI Data Controls FAQ | Training opt-out does not remove chats from history. Temporary Chats do not appear in history and are not used to improve models while temporary; OpenAI may retain a copy for up to 30 days for safety. Temporary Chat FAQ | Temporary Chats do not create or update memories, but can use existing memories, custom instructions, and plugins unless personalization is turned off at chat start. Saving a Temporary Chat converts it to a regular chat. Manage memory separately from training. Memory FAQ |
| Google Gemini Apps Signed-in Gemini Apps; the notice supplements Google’s broader Privacy Policy. |
Google says collected data may be used to provide, maintain, and improve services, including generative AI models and other machine-learning technologies. Human reviewers review some collected data. Gemini Apps Privacy Notice | The notice describes data processing and use, but the cited material does not establish a comparable chat-deletion backend timeframe here. Check the current account controls and notice for the applicable history and deletion behavior. | The notice lists prompts and spoken requests, shared files, videos and photos, feedback, generated content, app, browser and device context, connected-app information, and some location information. It advises against entering confidential information a user would not want a reviewer to see or Google to use to improve services. The notice was last updated June 29, 2026. Gemini Apps Privacy Notice |
| Microsoft Copilot Personal Microsoft accounts using the updated Copilot app for web, desktop, or mobile, available as of August 18, 2026. Not Copilot in Microsoft 365 apps or organizational work/school accounts. |
The cited personal-account article documents controls for shared experiences and other personalization; it does not establish a comparable general model-training opt-out in the material summarized here. Copilot privacy settings | Chat history is a separate control and can be deleted separately from saved memories. The cited article does not state a backend deletion timeframe. Copilot privacy settings | Controls cover saved memory, shared experiences, web search, personalized advertising, and Edge browser-data import. Turning off saved memory does not delete existing memories. Shared experiences can connect Copilot conversations with Bing, Edge, and MSN personalization. Edge import can include cookies, history, payment information, passwords, and autofill data; that setting is currently available to personal accounts based in the United States. Copilot privacy settings |
| Claude Consumer Free, Pro, and Max accounts, and Claude Code when used by those accounts. |
Users may opt in to model improvement. The March 16, 2026 FAQ also describes use when conversations are flagged for safety review or the user otherwise explicitly opts in. Incognito chats are not used to improve Claude, even if Model Improvement is enabled. Data retention Model training FAQ | Deleting a conversation removes it from chat history immediately and from backend storage within 30 days, under Anthropic’s consumer retention policy dated July 1, 2026. Incognito use and safety or feedback exceptions have separate handling. Data retention Incognito and retention details | The cited retention and training pages do not establish a separate saved-memory control comparable to ChatGPT’s or Copilot’s. Training-use data may include the related conversation and content or preferences; raw connector content, such as Google Drive material, is excluded unless copied directly into the conversation. Model training FAQ |
ChatGPT: training opt-out is separate from chat history
Turn off model improvement for new conversations
In ChatGPT, use Settings → Data Controls → Improve the model for everyone and switch it off. OpenAI says new conversations are then excluded from model training, but they can still appear in chat history. For a signed-in account, the setting applies across devices. Data Controls also includes options to export data and manage shared links; availability can vary by sign-in status, plan, and workspace. OpenAI Data Controls FAQ
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Use Temporary Chat only when its limits fit
Temporary Chats stay out of chat history, do not create or update memories, and are not used to improve models while temporary. OpenAI may keep a copy for up to 30 days for safety purposes. Temporary Chats can still draw on existing memories, custom instructions, and plugins unless personalization is turned off at the start of the chat. Saving a Temporary Chat makes it a regular chat. Temporary Chat FAQ
Keep consumer settings separate from workspace policies
ChatGPT Business, Enterprise, Edu, and Healthcare workspace content is not used to train models by default. Organizations may set separate retention, memory, compliance, and access rules, so those workspace defaults should not be treated as personal-account settings. OpenAI Data Controls FAQ
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Gemini: collected data can include connected apps and device context
Google’s Gemini Apps Privacy Notice applies to signed-in Gemini Apps and supplements Google’s broader Privacy Policy. It says Google Ireland Limited provides the service in the EEA and Switzerland, and Google LLC elsewhere. The notice describes data use for providing, maintaining, improving, developing, personalizing, and customizing services, among other purposes. It also says some collected data is reviewed by humans, including trained reviewers working for service providers. Gemini Apps Privacy Notice
The notice’s warning is direct: “Please don’t enter confidential information that you wouldn’t want a reviewer to see or Google to use to improve our services, including machine-learning technologies.” This is relevant not only to typed prompts but also to the other information the notice describes, including shared files, feedback, connected-app information, and device context. The notice was last updated June 29, 2026. Gemini Apps Privacy Notice
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Microsoft Copilot: memory, sharing, history, and advertising are distinct
Microsoft’s cited guidance covers personal Microsoft accounts using the updated Copilot app for web, desktop, or mobile, available as of August 18, 2026. It does not cover Copilot in Microsoft 365 apps or organizational work and school accounts, which have separate documentation and terms. Copilot privacy settings
Saved memory and chat history require separate actions
Copilot can remember details and preferences. Turning off saved memory stops the feature but does not automatically delete existing saved memories; delete those separately. Chat history is another separate control and can also be deleted separately. Copilot privacy settings
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Review shared experiences, advertising, and browser import
Shared experiences can allow Copilot conversations to personalize Microsoft services such as Bing, Edge, and MSN, and can allow activity in those services to personalize Copilot. Personalized advertising is a separate setting; Microsoft says ads may use chat history, saved memories, and other Microsoft data the user chose to share. Edge browser-data import is also separate and may include cookies, browsing history, payment information, passwords, and autofill data. The cited article says Edge import is currently available to personal accounts based in the United States. Copilot privacy settings
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Claude: deletion timing and exceptions depend on the data and circumstance
Anthropic’s consumer retention page, dated July 1, 2026, covers Claude Free, Pro, and Max, and Claude Code when used through those consumer accounts. Deleting a conversation removes it from history immediately and from backend storage within 30 days. If a user permits chats or coding sessions to improve Claude, Anthropic may retain de-identified data for up to five years in training pipelines for new or resumed sessions after the setting is enabled. Anthropic data retention
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Incognito and safety-related handling
Incognito chats are not used to improve Claude, even when Model Improvement is enabled. Anthropic separately says that if a session is flagged for a usage-policy violation, inputs and outputs may be retained for up to two years and trust-and-safety classification scores for up to seven years. Those are specific safety-related periods, not the ordinary deletion timeframe. Anthropic data retention
Feedback has its own retention period
User feedback data may be retained for five years. The March 16, 2026 training FAQ says data used for improvement may include the related conversation and content or preferences; raw connector content, such as Google Drive data, is excluded unless copied directly into the conversation. Anthropic data retention Model training FAQ
A practical privacy check before using any of the four
- Confirm the account type. Determine whether you are using a personal account or a work or school workspace; the terms and controls may differ.
- Set model-improvement preferences. Find the service’s training or improvement control, and check whether it affects new conversations, previously submitted data, or only particular account types.
- Review history and deletion separately. Decide whether chats should remain visible, and read the service’s stated deletion timing rather than assuming that removing a chat from view immediately removes all stored copies.
- Inspect memory and personalization. Turn off features you do not want, then separately remove saved memories if needed.
- Limit connected data. Review app connections, shared experiences, browser imports, files, and device permissions before granting access.
- Use temporary modes with their limits in mind. Check whether they affect history, memory, training, existing personalization, and safety retention.
Settings, names, and availability can change by region, account, and product version. Check the current controls in your own account before relying on a particular behavior.
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