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Samarium-cobalt (SmCo) usually performs better in heat than neodymium-iron-boron (NdFeB) magnets. Manufacturer grade tables reviewed list common sintered SmCo grades for maximum working temperatures of 250–350 °C, compared with 60–100 °C for the displayed standard NdFeB grades. Those are grade-specific ratings, not universal limits: the right choice depends on the magnet, its magnetic circuit and operating conditions.

How do their heat ratings compare?

The figures below are manufacturer-published technical specifications; the pages reviewed do not display publication years. A maximum working temperature is a rating for a particular grade, not a guarantee that every magnet made from that material will perform the same way in every assembly.

Material and grade Maximum working temperature listed Source and qualification
NdFeB N35–N52 80 °C SM Magnetics grade table; standard grades shown
NdFeB N54/N56 60 °C SM Magnetics grade table
Selected NdFeB M grades 100 °C SM Magnetics grade table; selected grades
SmCo 1-5 grades listed 250 °C SM Magnetics grade table
SmCo 2-17 grades listed 250–300 °C for lower grades; 350 °C for listed H grades SM Magnetics grade table

Dexter Magnetic Technologies says SmCo can typically be used up to 300 °C, while noting that its actual performance at that temperature depends strongly on magnetic-circuit design. That is useful context, not a replacement for checking the specific grade and assembly. Dexter Magnetic Technologies’ SmCo technical information

Are any SmCo magnets rated for higher temperatures?

Yes, some manufacturers advertise specialty high-temperature SmCo product ranges above the common grade-table figures. Electron Energy Corporation lists an ultra-high-temperature SmCo range of 400–550 °C, and AIC Engineering advertises selected XGS-HT grades up to 550 °C. These are claims for specified product lines; they do not mean that all SmCo magnets can operate at 550 °C. Electron Energy Corporation’s ultra-high-temperature SmCo range; AIC Engineering’s SmCo information

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Why the temperature number is not the whole answer

Magnetic-circuit design and demagnetization margin

A maximum working-temperature figure alone cannot tell you how much useful magnetic output an installed magnet will retain. Dexter specifically notes the importance of magnetic-circuit design at elevated temperatures. For a real design, ask the magnet supplier or engineer to assess the intended geometry and operating conditions using the relevant grade’s demagnetization curves.

Reversible change versus irreversible loss

Remanence temperature coefficient describes the reversible change in remanence over a stated temperature range. It is one part of temperature behavior, but it does not by itself predict whether a magnet will suffer irreversible demagnetization in a particular assembly. Intrinsic coercivity and the circuit’s demagnetization margin also matter; request grade-specific curves rather than inferring performance from one temperature coefficient.

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Curie temperature is not a working-temperature rating

Curie temperature marks a material transition, not the recommended operating limit for a magnet in a device. For selection, use the manufacturer’s maximum working-temperature rating for the exact grade and validate it against the magnetic circuit and duty conditions.

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What does NdFeB offer in exchange for lower heat tolerance?

NdFeB offers the highest energy products among commercially available permanent magnet materials, according to SM Magnetics. SmCo is listed by the same manufacturer at 18–30 MGOe. That trade-off can matter when a compact design needs strong magnetic output: NdFeB may be attractive if its grade’s thermal rating is adequate, while SmCo is generally the stronger starting point when heat margin is the dominant requirement. SM Magnetics’ NdFeB information; SM Magnetics’ SmCo information

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What else should you consider when choosing?

  • Corrosion exposure: Dexter describes SmCo as more corrosion-resistant than NdFeB. Confirm suitability for the specific environment and product rather than treating that comparison as a substitute for application guidance. Dexter Magnetic Technologies
  • Mechanical handling: SmCo can chip or crack, so it should not be used as a structural component. Dexter and Sagami Chemical Metal both warn about its fragility. Dexter Magnetic Technologies; Sagami Chemical Metal
  • Real operating conditions: Give the supplier the expected temperature range, duty cycle, geometry and magnetic-circuit details. A grade limit without those conditions is not a complete design check.

How to specify a magnet for a hot application

  1. Set the actual temperature requirement. Define the operating temperature range and conditions the magnet must withstand, rather than choosing by material name alone.
  2. Identify candidate grades. Compare the manufacturer’s working-temperature rating and energy-product needs for the exact NdFeB or SmCo grade.
  3. Request demagnetization curves and application review. Have the supplier or designer evaluate the grade in the intended magnetic circuit and operating conditions.
  4. Check nonthermal constraints. Account for corrosion exposure, geometry and careful handling, particularly where brittle SmCo magnets are involved.
  5. Confirm the product matches the specification. Do not assume an unspecified retail magnet corresponds to an industrial grade-table entry; verify the grade and its documentation with the supplier.

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