Kotlin 2.1.20 made K2 kapt the default and updated the Lombok plugin, while adding DWARF debug information and custom formatters for Kotlin/Wasm development builds. These changes improve specific tools; they do not mean that every third-party compiler plugin is compatible with K2. Later, Kotlin 2.2.20 made Kotlin/Wasm Beta and simplified browser debugging through Gradle development-run tasks.
What changed for K2 compiler plugins?
Kotlin 2.1.20, released March 20, 2025, made the K2 implementation of kapt the default. Teams that ran into problems could temporarily opt out by setting kapt.use.k2=false. The same release updated the Kotlin Lombok plugin, adding @SuperBuilder support and improving @Builder, including its use with constructors. See the Kotlin 2.1.20 release notes.
These are named changes to kapt and Lombok—not a declaration that the wider third-party plugin ecosystem works with K2. Kotlin’s compiler-plugin documentation describes the API as low-level and very unstable: there is no stable API guarantee, and a plugin built for one compiler version is not guaranteed to work with another. Plugin authors may need to build against the compiler version used by a project or publish plugin versions for the compiler versions they support. Where they meet the need, Kotlin suggests considering KSP or external linters instead. See the Kotlin compiler plugin documentation.
How do I debug Kotlin/Wasm in a browser?
Kotlin 2.2.20, released September 10, 2025, made Kotlin/Wasm Beta and added browser debugging support to Gradle’s *DevRun tasks. The tasks serve project sources so a modern browser can use them for breakpoints, variable inspection, and stepping, without the manual source-serving setup earlier projects may have needed. If you already configured source serving yourself, remove that configuration to avoid conflicts. The Kotlin 2.2.20 release notes also warn that source-serving changes may cause repeated reloads before compilation and bundling finish; teams may need to adjust webpack configuration.
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Keep source-serving tasks local
Because these tasks serve source files, use them for local development, not cloud or production environments where those files might be exposed. Kotlin’s 2.2.20 guidance makes that distinction explicit.
When is DWARF debugging useful?
Kotlin 2.1.20 added the compiler option -Xwasm-generate-dwarf, which places DWARF debug information in generated Wasm binaries. This route is aimed especially at debugging Kotlin/Wasm applications in standalone Wasm virtual machines. It works only when both the VM and the debugger support DWARF.
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The release also enabled custom formatters by default for development builds, which can make values easier to inspect. The browser’s developer tools must allow custom formatters for them to work. These Wasm changes are documented in the Kotlin 2.1.20 release notes.
| Debugging route | How it works | Best fit and constraint |
|---|---|---|
| Browser development debugging | Gradle *DevRun tasks serve project sources; the browser supports breakpoints, variable inspection, and stepping. |
Convenient for local development. Avoid cloud and production environments because sources may be exposed. |
| DWARF-based debugging | The compiler embeds DWARF data in the Wasm binary with -Xwasm-generate-dwarf. |
Useful with a standalone Wasm VM and debugger that both support DWARF. |
What happened in later Kotlin releases?
The 2.1.20 and 2.2.20 changes are part of a sequence of updates, not a single ecosystem-wide compatibility switch.
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| Release | Date | Relevant update |
|---|---|---|
| Kotlin 2.1.20 | March 20, 2025 | K2 kapt became the default; Lombok gained @SuperBuilder support and an improved @Builder; Kotlin/Wasm gained DWARF output and development-build custom formatters. |
| Kotlin 2.2.20 | September 10, 2025 | Kotlin/Wasm became Beta; Gradle *DevRun tasks added source serving for browser debugging. |
| Kotlin 2.3.0 | December 16, 2025 | Fully qualified names and a new exception-handling proposal became defaults for relevant targets; Latin-1 string storage was compacted. |
| Kotlin 2.3.20 | March 16, 2026 | Lombok was listed as Alpha, with improved JPA support highlighted; the documentation says it remained under development. |
The later Wasm size figures have specific comparisons: Kotlin 2.3.0 release notes report up to 13% smaller binaries from Latin-1 storage optimization compared with builds without that optimization, based on experiments on JetBrains’ KotlinConf application. The same notes report up to 8% smaller binaries when fully qualified names are enabled, compared with earlier versions that did not store them. These are reported maxima under those stated comparisons, not guarantees for every project. See the Kotlin 2.3.0 release notes. For the later Lombok status, see the Kotlin 2.3.20 release notes.
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