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If a local AI agent is using too much memory or responding slowly, first check what model is loaded, how much context it has, and whether it is actually using the GPU. Then reduce demand or fix device detection before considering new hardware. The steps below focus on Ollama, with Docker-specific notes where platform support differs; commands and settings vary by runtime and operating system.

Start by identifying the slowdown

Record the details that can change the diagnosis: model and quantization, runtime and version, agent framework, operating system, system RAM, GPU and VRAM, configured context limit, and number of simultaneous requests. Note whether the delay occurs while loading the model, processing the prompt, or generating a response.

Compare a short prompt with the agent’s normal workload. If only the full agent task is slow, its longer context or concurrent tool requests may be contributing; if even a short prompt is slow, check model placement and GPU detection next. This comparison narrows the investigation but does not identify a cause by itself.

Check model placement and context in Ollama

Run ollama ps. The PROCESSOR column shows whether the model is in GPU memory, system memory, or split across them; the output also reports its context. Ollama recommends verifying a split there: Ollama FAQ.

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Model weights are not the only memory cost. Ollama defines context length as the number of tokens the model can access in memory and notes that a larger context requires more memory. Its live documentation lists these context defaults by available VRAM:

Available VRAM Ollama documented default context
Below 24 GiB 4k tokens
24–48 GiB 32k tokens
48 GiB or more 256k tokens

Ollama also advises at least 64,000 tokens for tasks such as web search, agents, and coding tools. Treat this as Ollama’s guidance, not a universal requirement: a particular model, runtime, or agent may work with less, and larger contexts increase memory needs. Check the current Ollama context-length documentation against your installed version.

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If memory is constrained, test a lower context that still supports the agent’s task. Ollama supports setting context in the app or with OLLAMA_CONTEXT_LENGTH when serving; context can also be configured through the API and CLI. Confirm the setting in the runtime the agent actually uses, rather than changing a different Ollama instance.

Confirm that the GPU is available to the runtime

If ollama ps shows CPU placement or an unexpected split, do not assume the GPU is being used. Check that the operating system or container can see the device, inspect runtime logs, and confirm that appropriate drivers are installed. The right fix depends on platform and the error reported; Ollama’s troubleshooting documentation includes NVIDIA container checks and driver diagnostics, along with AMD device-permission and logging checks.

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For Docker, Ollama’s FAQ says GPU acceleration requires the NVIDIA Container Toolkit on Linux or Windows with WSL2. It also says GPU acceleration is unavailable in Docker Desktop for macOS because GPU passthrough or emulation is not available there. Check current platform support before expecting a containerized model to run on the GPU.

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Reduce memory demand and model residency

Right-size the model and response

Try a smaller model if it can still complete the task accurately, and reduce the context or the agent’s max_tokens limit where its configuration permits. Docker’s local AI guidance recommends checking GPU acceleration, trying a smaller model, and lowering max_tokens when troubleshooting slow responses: Docker Ollama guidance. Check task success as well as speed; a smaller limit or model may not suit every workflow.

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Check concurrent requests and idle models

Multiple resident models and parallel requests compete for memory. Ollama’s FAQ explains that available memory affects concurrent model loading and request processing: when there is not enough memory, requests may queue or idle models may be unloaded. Reduce simultaneous work if the agent does not need it, and check how many models are resident.

Ollama’s default keep-alive is five minutes. Change residency with the keep_alive parameter or OLLAMA_KEEP_ALIVE; to release an idle model, use ollama stop or an API request with keep_alive: 0. This can free memory between tasks, but a model that must reload before the next request may add startup delay.

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Consider Ollama’s cache options

Ollama documents Flash Attention as a way to reduce memory use as context grows, when supported by the setup. It also documents quantized key-value (KV) cache options: q8_0 uses approximately half the memory of f16 with very small precision loss, while q4_0 uses approximately one quarter with small-to-medium precision loss that may be more noticeable at higher context. These are Ollama’s documented estimates and trade-offs, not performance guarantees across systems. See the Ollama FAQ for supported configuration details.

Decide whether hardware is actually the constraint

Consider hardware only after checking placement, fixing device detection where possible, and testing a smaller model, context, and concurrency level. More suitable VRAM may help if the desired model and context still do not fit, but there is no single VRAM minimum established for all local agents. Base a hardware decision on the model, context, number of concurrent sessions, runtime, and the rest of the machine—not on model weights alone.

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