To save a page already open in Selenium as a PDF, call WebDriver’s print-page command, decode the returned Base64 data, and write it to a .pdf file. In Chromium, use headless mode for printing. This creates a browser-printed PDF, not a screenshot image; use Selenium’s screenshot command if you need a raster image instead. Selenium’s print-page documentation describes the PDF workflow and its print options.
Save the current Selenium page as a PDF
The example below uses Selenium’s Python binding. It assumes Python, Selenium, and a compatible Chrome/Chromium WebDriver setup are installed. The browser must already be displaying the page you want to print.
Runnable Python example
from base64 import b64decode
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.print_page_options import PrintOptions
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_argument("--headless=new")
driver = webdriver.Chrome(options=options)
try:
driver.get("https://example.com")
# Replace this with a page-specific readiness condition if needed.
options_for_print = PrintOptions()
options_for_print.orientation = "portrait"
options_for_print.background = True
pdf_base64 = driver.print_page(options_for_print)
with open("page.pdf", "wb") as pdf_file:
pdf_file.write(b64decode(pdf_base64))
finally:
driver.quit()Replace https://example.com with the page URL. The example sets portrait orientation and enables background printing; remove or change those settings to suit the page. Selenium’s print command returns PDF data encoded as Base64, so decode it before writing binary file contents. See Selenium’s print-page API guidance for the documented workflow and available options.
Wait for page-specific content before printing
A successful navigation does not guarantee that a single-page app, late-loading content, or web fonts are ready. Wait for a meaningful condition on the target page before calling print_page(). For example, use Selenium’s explicit waits for a known element that appears when the content is ready. There is no universal delay that works for every page, and the documentation does not prescribe one.
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Choose PDF printing or a screenshot image
“Screenshot” can mean two different outputs. WebDriver screenshot capture produces an image; the print-page command produces a PDF representation using print layout. If you need searchable or paginated print output, use the PDF command. If you need a pixel image, capture a screenshot and convert that image to PDF separately if necessary. Selenium documents both page printing and screenshots; see printing and screenshots.
Set page size, margins, scale, and background
Selenium’s PrintOptions supports settings including orientation, page size, margins, scale, background printing, and shrink-to-fit. Choose the print configuration based on the page’s layout: landscape can help with wide tables, and enabling backgrounds may preserve colored panels that otherwise print without their background styling. Inspect the resulting PDF for clipping, unexpected page breaks, missing images, and text rendering. Exact output can vary by language binding, browser build, and operating system; identify those versions when reproducing a result.
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Handle Indian-language scripts and fonts
Indian web pages may use Devanagari, Tamil, or other scripts, and one font family does not necessarily cover every character. The final PDF depends on fonts available to the browser, the site’s CSS font stack, and whether its web fonts finish loading. Noto’s web guidance recommends selecting fonts for the writing systems used and explains that browsers fall back through the CSS family list when a font lacks a character. Its Hindi-and-Tamil example includes Noto Sans Devanagari, Noto Sans Tamil, Noto Sans, and Noto Sans Symbols 2. See Noto’s guidance on multilingual web fonts.
If the PDF shows boxes, blank glyphs, or wrongly shaped text, check the script on the page, whether its web fonts loaded before printing, and whether the browser environment has fonts with the required coverage. Check the PDF itself: a browser screenshot that looks correct does not prove the PDF has the same glyph coverage.
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For Linux Devanagari, a Chromium source change dated March 4, 2026 names Noto Sans Devanagari for standard and sans-serif defaults, Noto Serif Devanagari for serif, and Noto Sans Mono for fixed-width text. That is specific to Devanagari and Linux defaults; it does not establish defaults for every Indian script or every Linux image. See the Chromium source change. There is no universal font-package installation command established for all platforms and scripts, so verify the fonts in the browser environment you actually use.
When to use Chromium DevTools’ PDF command
For Selenium’s cross-binding print abstraction, use print_page(). If you need lower-level Chromium-specific control, Chrome DevTools Protocol provides Page.printToPDF, including controls such as paper orientation, margins, scale, and header/footer templates. Treat this as a Chromium DevTools route rather than the only way to print through Selenium. See the DevTools Protocol documentation.
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Troubleshooting PDF output
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| Printing fails in Chromium | The browser is not running headless. | Run the Chromium session in headless mode, as required by Selenium’s browser guidance. See Selenium’s Chrome documentation. |
| The PDF is blank or missing late content | The page or its fonts had not finished loading. | Wait for a page-specific readiness condition before calling print_page(); do not rely on a fixed delay as a universal solution. |
| Some characters appear as boxes or blank glyphs | A required script font is missing, a web font did not load, or fallback coverage is inadequate. | Check the script’s font coverage and inspect the PDF output, not only a screenshot. |
| Content is clipped or paginated unexpectedly | Print layout, paper size, orientation, margins, or scale do not fit the page. | Adjust the relevant PrintOptions values and inspect the generated pages. |
| The saved file is unreadable | Base64 PDF data was written as text or not decoded. | Decode the string and open the output file in binary mode ("wb"), as in the example. |
Or skip the browser setup
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