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To make a conventional PDF of a Chromium webpage, use Chromium’s print-to-PDF function. To preserve the page as screenshot pixels inside a PDF, capture a screenshot image first, then convert that image to PDF. They are different outputs: Chromium’s documented --print-to-pdf and --screenshot options do not do the same job.
Choose the kind of PDF you need
| Goal | Use | What the file represents |
|---|---|---|
| A readable webpage document, generally with selectable text | Print the page to PDF | A PDF rendered using the page’s print layout; it may paginate or differ visually from the browser viewport. |
| The page’s rendered appearance as an image | Capture a screenshot, then convert the image to PDF | A PDF made from screenshot pixels, rather than Chromium’s print layout. |
If you need a single page that looks exactly like a captured viewport, a screenshot image is the appropriate starting point. A PDF printed directly from Chromium is not a screenshot, even if it looks similar.
Save a webpage as a page-layout PDF with Chromium
For command-line capture, Chromium’s documented headless option is --print-to-pdf. Run the command from a terminal with Chromium available on your system:
chrome --headless --print-to-pdf https://developer.chrome.com/Chromium saves the PDF as output.pdf in the current working directory. To omit the print header and footer, add --no-pdf-header-footer:
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chrome --headless --print-to-pdf --no-pdf-header-footer https://developer.chrome.com/Chrome’s current documented flag is --no-pdf-header-footer. Older Chromium versions may use --print-to-pdf-no-header, so check the options supported by your installed version if the current flag is rejected. See the Chrome Headless command-line reference.
Wait for delayed page content
For pages that need time to load, use --timeout to set the maximum wait before capture. Chrome’s example uses 5,000 milliseconds:
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chrome --headless --print-to-pdf --timeout=5000 https://developer.chrome.com/This is a maximum wait, not a guarantee that every page will finish rendering in that time. Choose a suitable delay for the site, then open the resulting PDF and check that asynchronously loaded content is present.
Adjust PDF layout in automation
When using Chromium’s DevTools Protocol rather than the command-line flag, Page.printToPDF exposes controls including landscape orientation, background graphics, scale, paper width and height, margins, page ranges, and header and footer templates. These are automation parameters; the protocol names should not be assumed to match every desktop print dialog. See the DevTools Protocol printToPDF documentation.
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Capture a screenshot image with Chromium
Chromium’s documented headless screenshot command saves an image, not a PDF:
chrome --headless --screenshot --window-size=412,892 https://developer.chrome.com/The file is saved as screenshot.png in the current working directory. The --window-size option sets the capture viewport; this example does not establish that the output contains the entire page. See the Chrome Headless command-line reference.
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Turn the screenshot into a PDF
After capturing the image, use an image-to-PDF function in your operating system or document software. The exact menu path and available choices vary by platform and application, so check the instructions for the tool you use rather than relying on a universal keyboard shortcut.
- For a one-page screenshot-style PDF, place the captured image on a PDF page and choose page dimensions that suit the image.
- For a long page, decide whether you want one tall page or several pages. Pagination can scale the image down or split it, changing how it reads.
- Open the finished PDF and inspect its dimensions, scaling, and visible content before sharing it.
Choose the workflow by output and control
- Use print-to-PDF when you want a document based on the webpage’s print layout, including a paginated result.
- Use screenshot plus image-to-PDF conversion when preserving rendered pixels is the priority and you can choose an appropriate image conversion tool.
- Use headless command-line capture when you need repeatable scripted capture without operating a visible browser window.
- Use DevTools Protocol PDF controls when an automated workflow needs explicit paper size, margins, scale, orientation, page ranges, backgrounds, or headers and footers.
Troubleshooting
The PDF contains a print layout, not the screenshot
--print-to-pdf creates a PDF from the page’s print rendering. To preserve the screenshot’s pixels, use --screenshot and convert the resulting image separately.
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The screenshot does not include the whole page
--window-size specifies the viewport for the documented screenshot command; it does not by itself promise a full-page capture. Check the image’s bounds. If the whole page is required, use a capture method that explicitly supports full-page screenshots.
The page is blank or missing late-loading elements
The capture may have happened before the site finished rendering. Increase the documented --timeout value, run the capture again, and inspect the resulting file. Dynamic content may load on a schedule that differs from one site to another.
The header and footer still appear
For current headless Chromium, try --no-pdf-header-footer. An older installed version may require --print-to-pdf-no-header.
The PDF is too small, split awkwardly, or has excessive margins
For a printed page, adjust the available print settings or, in DevTools Protocol automation, the paper dimensions, margins, scale, orientation, and page ranges. For an image-derived PDF, adjust image placement and page dimensions in the conversion tool.
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