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To send a Liquidsoap radio stream to YouTube Live, give the output both an audio source and a video track, encode them in a format YouTube accepts, then send the result with Liquidsoap’s output.youtube.live.rtmp operator and a YouTube stream key. A still station image can supply the video. Check the incoming preview and stream health in YouTube Live Control Room before relying on the broadcast.

What you need before configuring the output

  • A working Liquidsoap radio source and a Liquidsoap build with the required FFmpeg integration. Liquidsoap’s current development documentation is labeled 2.5.x; use documentation matching your installed version because syntax and available options can differ. See the Liquidsoap Source / Output reference and FFmpeg support guide.
  • A video source, such as a static station image or an audio-reactive visual. YouTube Live is a video broadcast destination, so an audio-only source alone does not provide a conventional audio-and-video live feed.
  • A YouTube Live Control Room stream with its stream URL and key.
  • Enough reliable outbound bandwidth for the combined audio and video bitrate, with headroom for fluctuations.

Liquidsoap’s project homepage shows a concise YouTube example using FFmpeg with H.264 video and AAC audio. That is a straightforward starting point, not a universal configuration: confirm that your Liquidsoap version and build provide the operators and codecs you plan to use.

Choose the video, encoding, and ingest settings

Provide a video track

For a radio station, a still image can be the video component while the radio source supplies audio. Liquidsoap’s FFmpeg guide demonstrates combining audio and video with source.mux.video before encoding. An animated or audio-reactive visual is another option, but it can require more processing than a still image; choose according to your production needs and available capacity. The documentation demonstrates composition, not a required visual design.

Use YouTube’s live recommendations

YouTube’s live encoder guidance supports RTMP/RTMPS ingest, H.264, H.265/HEVC, or AV1 video, AAC or MP3 audio, and frame rates up to 60 fps. It recommends constant bitrate (CBR), a 2-second keyframe interval, and no more than 4 seconds between keyframes. Its listed H.264 recommendations include 5 Mbps for 1080p30 and 3 Mbps for 720p30; those figures apply to those specific listed settings, not every codec or frame rate. YouTube recommends 128 kbps stereo AAC or MP3 audio. These are the current recommendations in YouTube Help, checked 2026-10-03; the page does not display a publication year. Consult its live encoder settings for the current table and the settings that match your output.

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Choose RTMP or RTMPS deliberately

The Liquidsoap reference documents output.youtube.live.rtmp and gives rtmp://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2 as its default URL. YouTube recommends RTMPS for encrypted transport. Do not assume an RTMPS URL works with every Liquidsoap release or output path: check your installed version’s documentation and confirm support before using it.

Leave bandwidth headroom

Measure outbound upload capacity, not download speed. YouTube’s streaming tips recommend keeping capacity above the stream’s total bitrate and leaving 20% headroom. If the connection is unstable, lower the video bitrate or resolution and retest rather than running at the limit. See YouTube’s streaming tips and encoder guidance.

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Configure Liquidsoap to send the stream

The operator to investigate is output.youtube.live.rtmp. Its documented arguments include a required key, an encoder, a Liquidsoap source, and a url; its start option defaults to true. The example below shows the structure, not a copy-and-run script: source names, video construction, FFmpeg options, and exact syntax must match your installed version and build.

  1. Start with your existing radio source. Use the Liquidsoap source that already produces the station audio.
  2. Create or select a video source. For a simple radio broadcast, use a still station image. Combine it with the radio source so the output has both video and audio; consult the version-matched FFmpeg guide for the relevant muxing operators.
  3. Set the encoder. A common example uses H.264 video and AAC audio, both listed in YouTube’s supported live formats. Set bitrate, frame rate, resolution, CBR, and keyframe interval to values appropriate for the chosen output and current YouTube guidance.
  4. Pass the composed source, encoder, and key to output.youtube.live.rtmp. Use the documented default RTMP URL unless you have verified that another URL or protocol is supported in your installed Liquidsoap output path. The Liquidsoap homepage illustrates the concise FFmpeg encoder form %ffmpeg(%video(codec="libx264"), %audio(codec="aac")); treat it as an example and check it against your version.
  5. Start the output and verify the incoming feed. Watch YouTube’s preview and stream-health messages before announcing or depending on the live event.

For a single output, direct encoding is generally simpler to reason about. Liquidsoap also documents sharing encoded streams between outputs, but that can introduce container and global-header compatibility considerations; its FFmpeg guide discusses handling global headers when encoded data is shared. Use that approach only when you need it and have checked the format requirements.

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Create and protect the YouTube stream key

  1. In YouTube Live Control Room, create or select the stream you intend to use.
  2. Copy the stream URL and stream key into the Liquidsoap output configuration. YouTube describes the key as the information that lets the encoder send a feed for YouTube to accept; treat it like a password. See YouTube’s stream setup and management guidance.
  3. Keep the key out of public scripts, screenshots, logs, and shared configuration. Liquidsoap’s book demonstrates reading it from a separate youtube-key file and trimming surrounding whitespace with string.trim(file.contents(...)). Match that file-reading syntax to your installed version; do not assume it is identical in every release. See the Liquidsoap book.
  4. If the key is exposed, reset it in Live Control Room and replace the value used by Liquidsoap before resuming the stream.

Test before relying on the broadcast

  • Send representative audio and video and confirm both appear in YouTube’s preview.
  • Check YouTube’s stream-health messages for encoder or connection problems.
  • Listen for clean, continuous audio and confirm the image or visual behaves as expected.
  • Check outbound capacity under the intended bitrate and retain the recommended headroom.
  • Test before going live to an audience and continue monitoring stream health during the event, as YouTube advises in its live-streaming guidance.
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Troubleshoot common Liquidsoap-to-YouTube problems

YouTube shows no incoming feed

Recheck the stream URL and key, confirm Liquidsoap’s output is running, and verify the build has the FFmpeg support and operators your configuration requires. If the key was copied incorrectly or exposed, reset it in Live Control Room and update the configuration. See the YouTube stream-management guidance and Liquidsoap’s output reference.

YouTube receives audio but shows no picture

Ensure the source passed to the output contains a video track as well as audio. Check the audio/video composition and encoding in the Liquidsoap FFmpeg guide.

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YouTube reports an encoder issue

Compare the actual codec, resolution, frame rate, bitrate, CBR setting, and keyframe interval with YouTube’s current live encoder guidance. Do not substitute YouTube video-upload settings for live-stream recommendations; consult the live-specific encoder settings.

The ingest is unstable or drops

Check outbound bandwidth and connection stability, not just download speed. Reduce bitrate or resolution if necessary, preserve upload headroom, and watch YouTube’s stream-health indicators. YouTube’s streaming tips recommend 20% headroom above the stream’s total bitrate.

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The configuration syntax or encoder is unavailable

Check which Liquidsoap version is installed and use documentation for that version. The current development reference is labeled 2.5.x, while the book link here is for version 2.2.5; optional arguments and file-reading syntax may differ. FFmpeg integration also depends on the external OCaml-FFmpeg binding package and the local build, so a documented operator may not be available in every installation. See the source/output reference and FFmpeg support guide.

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