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Disconnecting a dapp is not the same as revoking a token approval. A disconnect removes the website connection in your wallet interface; it does not erase an on-chain allowance that can let a spender move tokens later. Revoking that allowance requires a new transaction and gas. It can block future use of that specific permission, but it cannot reverse transfers that already confirmed.
If every deposit of ETH or other gas disappears immediately, or if your secret-recovery phrase may have been exposed, do not rely on revocation. Treat the wallet as permanently compromised: rescue anything still recoverable when it is safe, create a new wallet on a clean device or browser profile, and stop using the old address.
What to do first during an active breach
Speed matters, but signing the wrong transaction can make the loss worse. Follow this order and stop whenever the old wallet appears to be under direct key control.
- Stop signing. Do not approve, sign, or connect the affected wallet to a link supplied by a suspected attacker. Ignore requests to validate, synchronize, unlock, or recover the wallet.
- Check for a sweeper. Watch the address on a trusted block explorer. If any ETH or other gas sent to it disappears immediately, assume a sweeper is monitoring the account. Revoke.cash warns that approval revocation does not secure a seed-phrase-compromised account; incoming gas can be removed before a revocation transaction is accepted.
- Rescue remaining assets when safe. MetaMask recommends creating a new wallet on a new browser, browser profile, or mobile device and moving assets there. Do not send more gas to the old address while a sweeper may be active. If no sweeper is evident and you must fund a transfer, use only the minimum amount from a trusted source and act promptly.
- Use a clean environment. Before managing the replacement wallet, review browser history, remove suspicious extensions, update the operating system and browser, and scan the computer. If you cannot establish that the original environment is clean, use a different device.
- Preserve evidence. Save transaction hashes, both wallet addresses, token and chain details, screenshots, dates, URLs, and communications with the suspected attacker. Ethereum.org recommends documenting this material before reporting scam addresses through appropriate channels.
Rescue and containment take priority over a tidy approval list. A revocation transaction signed from a device that is still controlled by malware may simply give the attacker another opportunity.
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Connection, approval, permit and private-key access are different
Wallet incidents are easier to diagnose when you separate four permissions that are often confused.
| Permission or event | What it allows | Does disconnecting remove it? | How it is removed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Dapp connection | A website can request account information and present transactions for you to sign. | Yes, the wallet interface can remove the site connection. | Disconnect the site in the wallet or dapp settings; this is not an on-chain transaction. |
| ERC-20 allowance | A named spender contract can call transferFrom for a particular token up to the approved amount. |
No. | Submit an on-chain approval change, normally setting the allowance to zero or a smaller amount. |
| NFT operator approval | A contract or operator can transfer NFTs from the collection, sometimes across the owner’s entire collection. | No. | Set the relevant approval or operator permission to false in an on-chain transaction. |
| Permit or Permit2 signature | A signed message can authorize token movement under the terms shown in the permit system. | No. | Review and revoke the applicable permit or allowance; a normal site disconnect does not invalidate a signed authorization. |
| Secret-recovery phrase or private-key compromise | The attacker can sign transactions as the account owner, including transfers of native currency and new approvals. | No. | You cannot rotate the key for that address. Move to a newly generated wallet and abandon the old one. |
MetaMask’s guidance distinguishes ERC-20 approve() permissions and Permit2 messages from the wallet connection itself. These permissions concern tokens; they do not grant a contract the ability to move the chain’s native currency directly.
How to review and revoke an allowance
Use a checker reached through a bookmarked official domain or the wallet provider’s documentation. A fake approval, validation, or sync page can create a second signing incident.
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- Open an approval checker. MetaMask documents allowance review in MetaMask Portfolio for Ethereum Mainnet, Polygon, and BNB Chain. Chain explorers also provide checkers; MetaMask names Etherscan, BscScan, and Polygonscan, while Ethereum.org points readers to Etherscan and Blockscout/Revokescout paths.
- Connect only the wallet you are inspecting. Confirm the network and address shown by the checker. If the browser or device may be infected, perform this from the clean environment prepared during containment.
- Inspect every spender. Match the contract address and token to activity you recognize. Pay special attention to unlimited allowances, unfamiliar contracts, and NFT operator approvals. A spender name or logo is not proof of identity; compare the address shown by the checker with the transaction history.
- Choose the narrowest change. Set an ERC-20 allowance to zero when you no longer need it, or reduce it to the amount a known application actually requires. For an NFT operator, turn the approval off. Permit2 entries may need separate action from ordinary token allowances.
- Read the wallet confirmation. Verify the chain, token, spender, target allowance, and gas fee. Reject any transaction that asks for a transfer, a new unlimited approval, or unrelated calldata.
- Submit and wait for confirmation. Revocation is an on-chain transaction. Until it is mined, the old permission remains usable. Save the transaction hash and verify the resulting allowance in the checker or explorer.
- Repeat on other chains and contracts. A wallet can have separate approvals on multiple networks. Review each network where the address interacted with dapps or received tokens.
Every revocation can require gas, and the amount varies with network congestion and the transaction type. Some interfaces support batching, while others require one transaction per spender or token. Never assume that revoking one entry clears all permissions for an address.
What revocation can and cannot accomplish
What it stops
- After confirmation, the revoked spender can no longer use that specific ERC-20 allowance or NFT operator permission.
- Reducing an unlimited allowance narrows the amount available to that spender in future calls.
- Removing old permissions limits the damage if a previously trusted dapp contract is later compromised.
What it does not stop
- Transfers that are already mined cannot be rolled back by changing an allowance.
- A leaked recovery phrase or private key remains valid. The attacker can sign direct transfers, create fresh approvals, or move native currency.
- A sweeper can remove incoming gas before you can submit a revocation or rescue transaction.
- Revoking one token, chain, spender, or permit does not revoke another.
MetaMask’s July 2026 security guidance notes that a compromised approved contract can drain the entire balance of the affected token without another confirmation. That is why an allowance should be treated as a standing spending permission, not as a one-time checkout authorization.
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When the wallet should be abandoned
Abandon the address rather than trying to repair it when either of these conditions applies:
- A sweeper is active. Any gas sent to the wallet vanishes immediately, indicating that software or an attacker with the key is watching for deposits.
- The recovery phrase or private key leaked. This includes typing it into a website, storing it in a compromised cloud account, photographing it on an exposed device, or sharing it with anyone.
Create the replacement wallet with a newly generated recovery phrase on a clean device or a new browser profile. Write the phrase down and store it offline; never enter it into a website. Transfer assets only when the transaction can complete without repeatedly funding the old address. Do not keep using the old wallet for small balances, signing, or dapp connections: an attacker who controls the key can continue to act indefinitely.
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ERC-20 approvals authorize a contract to move that token. They do not authorize a contract to transfer the account’s native ETH directly. If native ETH keeps disappearing, investigate a leaked key, a malicious transaction you signed, or a sweeper rather than assuming that an ordinary token allowance explains it.
Wrapped ETH and other tokenized assets are different: they can be covered by token allowances because they are contract tokens. Check the asset type and the transaction input before deciding which permission was involved.
Choosing a checker or explorer
No single interface is best for every incident. Compare the tool you plan to use on the dimensions that affect safety and verification.
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| Decision point | Why it matters | Questions to ask |
|---|---|---|
| Network coverage | Approvals exist separately on each chain. | Does the tool support the exact network, not just Ethereum Mainnet? |
| Permission coverage | ERC-20 allowances, NFT operators, and Permit2 permissions may appear in different sections. | Does it show token, NFT, and permit records, or only one category? |
| Signing model | You should sign directly in your self-custody wallet and understand every transaction. | Does the interface request only the revocation transaction, with no request for your recovery phrase? |
| Gas visibility | Each on-chain change consumes network fees. | Is the estimated fee shown before confirmation, and can you afford it without funding a compromised account? |
| Spender identity | Names and logos can be misleading. | Can you inspect the contract address and verify it independently in a chain explorer? |
| Independent verification | A broad dashboard is convenient, but an explorer can confirm the mined transaction. | Can you check the resulting allowance and transaction status outside the dashboard? |
Revoke.cash is useful for preventative approval management, but it cannot recover assets already stolen. An explorer-based checker can be preferable when you want to verify the exact contract address and transaction data independently.
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Use least-privilege allowances
When a wallet or dapp supports a spending cap, approve only the amount needed for the immediate action instead of granting unlimited rights. Ethereum.org warns that a platform with unlimited rights may spend those tokens even after you withdraw funds from the platform. Avoid untested projects, and review old permissions on a regular schedule and after using an unfamiliar dapp.
Separate interaction and storage
Keep a low-balance interaction wallet for experimental or unfamiliar dapps. Store long-term assets in a separate wallet that is not routinely connected to websites. This does not make either wallet invulnerable, but it limits the value exposed by a bad signature or a compromised contract.
Read every signature as a permission decision
Before confirming, inspect the spender, token, amount, chain, and calldata whenever the wallet exposes them. A signature request is not harmless merely because it is labelled as a message rather than a transaction; Permit-style messages can establish token permissions.
Keep the recovery phrase offline
Do not paste a recovery phrase into a support form, browser extension, cloud note, or web page. Wallet support personnel and legitimate approval checkers do not need it. If the phrase has ever been exposed, migration to a newly generated wallet is the remedy; changing approvals does not rotate the phrase.
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Review permissions deliberately
Set a recurring review schedule that fits your activity, and perform an additional review after interacting with a project you do not fully trust. Remove stale approvals rather than leaving them active indefinitely. Keep a record of the chains and addresses you checked so that a second network is not overlooked.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Common situations and the safest response
I only disconnected the site
That removes the connection in the wallet interface but leaves on-chain allowances intact. Open an approval checker from a trusted source and review the spender permissions on every relevant chain.
The token was already drained
Revoking the allowance may prevent another transfer, but it cannot retrieve the confirmed transaction. Save the hash and addresses, secure any remaining assets, and report the scam address through appropriate channels.
The wallet needs gas before I can move anything
First determine whether a sweeper is active. If deposits disappear immediately, do not keep funding the old wallet; create a replacement wallet and seek a rescue path that does not leave gas sitting in the compromised account. If no sweeper is evident, use only the minimum gas needed and monitor the transaction closely.
A revocation transaction is pending
Do not assume the permission is gone until the transaction is confirmed. Check the transaction hash on the relevant chain explorer and verify the allowance afterward. Avoid signing unrelated transactions while you are investigating the pending one.
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The approval checker shows an unfamiliar spender
Do not approve a replacement transaction merely because the interface displays a warning. Compare the spender address with your transaction history, identify which token and chain it controls, and revoke it from a clean environment if you no longer recognize the permission.
Only one chain looks affected
Continue checking every network on which the wallet has interacted with dapps. A clean approval list on one chain says nothing about permissions recorded on another.
Documenting and reporting the incident
Make an incident folder containing the old and new addresses, transaction hashes, token contract addresses, chain names, timestamps, screenshots of approval records, suspicious links, and messages from the attacker. Keep the originals unchanged and note the order in which events occurred.
Use the relevant wallet provider, chain explorer abuse process, exchange compliance channel, or local authorities where appropriate. Reporting cannot reverse a mined transfer, but complete hashes and addresses help services flag related activity and give investigators a reliable record.
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