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To shield ZEC, send it from your transparent t-address to a valid shielded payment address generated by a compatible Zcash wallet or node. In a wallet, copy the shielded address from Receive, paste it into Send, check the destination pool, fee and change, then sign and wait for confirmation. With zcashd, use the asynchronous z_shieldcoinbase RPC, save its operation ID, poll the operation, and retrieve the transaction ID.
A transparent-to-shielded transfer is the normal way to move publicly visible ZEC into a shielded pool. Your transparent balance remains spendable, but the receiving shielded note is handled by Sapling, Orchard or a wallet-supported unified address. The destination must be a genuine shielded payment address; a transparent address cannot receive a shielded payment.
What you need before starting
- A Zcash-compatible wallet with access to your transparent balance and a shielded Receive screen, or a running
zcashdnode with the payment RPC enabled. - Enough transparent ZEC to cover the amount you want to shield and the transaction fee. Leave a small balance if you still need to spend from the transparent address.
- A shielded destination copied directly from the wallet. Do not type a long address by hand.
- A wallet or node version that supports the shielded pool represented by the destination: Sapling, Orchard or a unified address receiver.
- Time for the transaction to be created, broadcast and confirmed. RPC shielding is asynchronous and does not return a transaction ID immediately.
Shielded addresses are generated from spending-key material, as required by the Zcash protocol. A wallet may generate a fresh receiving address each time you open Receive; those addresses can still belong to the same seed phrase. The exact screen labels and address-rotation behavior can change between releases, so use the current address displayed by your wallet rather than an old screenshot.
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This is the simplest route for most users because the wallet selects transparent inputs, constructs the shielded output and reports progress in its interface.
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1. Open Receive and create a shielded address
- Unlock the wallet and open Receive.
- Select a shielded receiver if the wallet offers address-type choices. Depending on the wallet, this may be labelled Sapling, Orchard, shielded or unified.
- Generate a new address when available, then copy the complete address using the wallet’s copy control.
- Inspect the beginning and end of the copied string and, if the wallet provides it, use its verification or QR-code view. Keep the address private if you do not want others to know where you are consolidating funds.
A unified address can contain more than one receiver. The wallet decides which receiver to use when it constructs the transaction, so confirm that the sending wallet and your privacy objective support the pool you selected. If the wallet displays only a shielded address, do not assume that every shielded pool is interchangeable.
2. Start a send from the transparent balance
- Open Send and choose the transparent account or balance as the source.
- Paste the copied shielded address into the recipient field. Do not paste a
t-address; that would create another transparent output rather than shield the funds. - If the wallet asks for an address type, verify that it identifies the recipient as shielded and shows the expected pool or unified receiver.
If the wallet rejects the address, stop and copy a newly generated address from Receive. Common causes include an incomplete copy, an unsupported address type, a network mismatch or a wallet release that cannot send to that pool.
3. Set the amount, fee and change behavior
- Enter the amount of ZEC to shield. If you choose Max, read the wallet’s calculation carefully because the fee is deducted from the available transparent balance.
- Review the network fee shown at signing time. The documented
z_shieldcoinbasedefault is 0.0001 ZEC; a wallet can use its own fee setting or expose a different method, so the value displayed by your wallet is the amount that applies to this transaction. - Check how change is handled. Any transparent change remains publicly visible and may leave a remainder at the original address or create another transparent output. If your objective is to shield nearly all funds, confirm that the amount plus fee consumes the intended balance.
- Review the summary for source address, destination address, amount, fee and any memo field. A memo is optional and may be visible to the shielded recipient, so do not put secrets in it.
4. Confirm and authorize
- Compare the full destination address in the confirmation view with the one you copied. Never rely only on a shortened middle section.
- Approve the transaction with the wallet password, PIN or hardware confirmation required by your setup.
- Wait for the wallet to report that the transaction was constructed and broadcast. Closing the app immediately after pressing Send can hide a still-pending operation, so leave it open until a transaction identifier or pending status is displayed.
5. Verify the shielded balance
After the network confirms the transaction, open the shielded balance view and verify that the received amount appears. Wallets may show separate Sapling and Orchard balances or combine them under a unified account. Keep the transaction ID privately if reducing public linkage is important; publishing it can make it easier to correlate your activity even when the destination is shielded.
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Method 2: Shield with the zcashd payment API
The official payment API documents z_shieldcoinbase for sending transparent coinbase funds to a shielded Z address. The method can use a specified transparent source address or all transparent addresses, accepts a shielded destination, allows an optional fee and UTXO limit, locks the selected UTXOs and returns an operation ID. It is asynchronous: the first response is not the final transaction ID.
1. Prepare the node and destination
- Ensure the node is fully synchronized and the wallet is loaded and unlocked for spending.
- Generate or copy a shielded destination from a wallet or another trusted key-management process. Confirm that the node version supports the destination’s pool.
- Decide whether to select one transparent source or let the method consider all transparent addresses. Selecting all can simplify consolidation but may combine UTXOs you intended to keep separate.
2. Submit the shielding operation
Call z_shieldcoinbase with the source, destination and any fee or UTXO limit you need. A request has the following shape; use the exact JSON-RPC transport and parameter ordering required by your installed zcashd release:
{
"method": "z_shieldcoinbase",
"params": [{
"fromaddress": "t1ExampleTransparentAddress",
"toaddress": "u1ExampleUnifiedAddress",
"fee": 0.0001,
"limit": 50
}]
}The example uses the documented default fee value of 0.0001 ZEC, not a promise that every wallet or release will charge that amount. A source can instead represent all transparent addresses when supported. Use a limit appropriate for your UTXO set; a low limit may require multiple shielding operations, while a high limit can make construction and confirmation take longer.
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The response includes an operation ID. Record it immediately in a secure place. If the node reports insufficient funds, a locked wallet, no eligible UTXOs or an invalid destination, correct that condition before submitting another request; repeatedly resubmitting can create confusion about which operation selected which coins.
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- Use the returned operation ID with the node’s operation-status facility.
- Continue polling at a sensible interval until the operation is complete or reports an error. A pending state means the transaction is still being constructed or broadcast, not that the funds disappeared.
- When the operation succeeds, retrieve its result and record the transaction ID.
- Check the transaction’s confirmation count and then check the shielded balance in the receiving wallet or node.
Do not treat the operation ID as a blockchain transaction ID. The operation ID tracks asynchronous work inside the node; only the completed result supplies the transaction identifier you can use for later verification.
When to use z_mergetoaddress instead
z_mergetoaddress is another documented RPC route when you need to consolidate funds from transparent and shielded sources into one destination. Its parameters include source addresses, a destination, fee, transparent and shielded note limits, an optional memo and a privacy policy. Unlike a simple transparent-only shielding operation, it can select notes from both address classes, so review every source and limit before signing.
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Choose z_mergetoaddress when consolidation is the goal and you understand which transparent UTXOs and shielded notes will be combined. Choose z_shieldcoinbase when the specific task is moving transparent coinbase funds into a shielded destination. Both methods are asynchronous from the operator’s perspective: preserve the operation ID, monitor status and verify the final transaction.
Address and pool compatibility
| Destination shown by the wallet | What it represents | What to verify before sending |
|---|---|---|
| Sapling shielded address | A receiver in the Sapling shielded pool | Both the sending wallet or node and the receiving wallet support Sapling sends and viewing the resulting balance. |
| Orchard shielded address | A receiver in the separate Orchard shielded pool | The sender supports Orchard and you understand the privacy effect of the next spend from Orchard. |
| Unified address | An address that can advertise multiple receiver types | Which receiver the wallet will select, and whether the sender’s release supports that receiver. |
Transparent t-address |
A transparent receiver, not a shielded pool | Do not use it when your goal is shielding; sending there leaves the output transparent. |
Orchard is a separate shielded pool, not merely another spelling for Sapling. ZIP 224 specifies that spending Orchard funds to a non-Orchard address reveals the transaction value. Therefore, the privacy benefit depends on the entire spending path, not just the first deposit. If you plan to preserve Orchard-specific privacy, use a destination and later recipient that keep the funds in Orchard when your wallet supports that policy. Ask the wallet which receiver inside a unified address will be used instead of assuming the address text tells you.
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Wallet versus RPC: practical differences
| Decision point | Wallet interface | zcashd RPC |
|---|---|---|
| Accessibility | Guided Receive and Send screens; suitable for routine transfers. | Requires a synchronized node, wallet access and command-line or API skills. |
| Transparent input selection | Usually automatic, with controls varying by wallet. | Can select one source or all transparent addresses and impose a UTXO limit. |
| Fee configuration | Shown and set by the wallet’s current transaction builder. | Optional fee parameter; the documented z_shieldcoinbase default is 0.0001 ZEC. |
| Pool support | Depends on the wallet release and its unified-address implementation. | Depends on the installed node and the destination receiver it accepts. |
| Monitoring | Status is presented in the app, often with automatic refresh. | You must save the operation ID, poll status and retrieve the result. |
| Memo support | May be offered when the destination and wallet support it. | z_mergetoaddress documents a memo parameter; check the method used. |
| Privacy control | Pool choice and change behavior are abstracted by the interface. | Source, note limits, fee and destination policy can be specified explicitly. |
Fees, change and UTXO selection
The 0.0001 ZEC figure belongs to the documented z_shieldcoinbase API default. It is not a universal promise for every wallet, transaction type or future release. Before authorizing a wallet transaction, read the fee shown on the final review screen. For RPC, include a fee only when you intentionally want to override the method default and verify that the value is accepted by your node.
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Transparent funds are represented as UTXOs. A shielding operation may need several UTXOs to reach your requested amount. The RPC’s UTXO limit controls how many can be selected in one operation. If the limit is too low, the node may leave eligible funds behind; if it is high, the operation may consume many inputs and create a larger transaction. Record which transparent addresses and UTXOs you selected when operational traceability matters.
Change is a separate consideration. Any amount not sent to the shielded destination, after fees, can return to a transparent address. That change remains publicly visible. A wallet’s Max option may calculate this automatically, but inspect the resulting amount and change address rather than assuming every satoshi will be shielded.
Troubleshooting
The wallet says the address is invalid
- Open Receive again and copy a newly generated shielded address.
- Check that the wallet is on the Zcash network you intend to use and that the address was not truncated by a chat app or clipboard manager.
- Confirm that the sending release supports Sapling, Orchard or the unified receiver you selected.
The transaction is pending for a long time
- In a wallet, keep the app synchronized and inspect its activity or transaction-details view.
- For RPC, poll the original operation ID rather than submitting a second request immediately.
- Check node synchronization, wallet unlock state, available transparent balance and whether the selected UTXOs are locked by another operation.
The operation fails for insufficient funds
Recalculate the amount after the fee. If you selected a specific source address, it may not hold enough spendable UTXOs even though another transparent address in the wallet does. Either reduce the amount, choose all eligible transparent addresses where appropriate or run a separate consolidation operation.
The shielded balance is not visible after confirmation
Verify that the receiving wallet has synchronized the relevant shielded pool and that it controls the spending key for the destination. A unified address may place the note in Orchard or Sapling while the interface currently displays only one pool. Use the transaction ID and wallet’s pool-specific balance details to distinguish a display delay from a failed transfer.
I sent to the wrong pool
Do not assume that a later transfer will preserve the same privacy properties. Orchard-to-non-Orchard spending can reveal the transaction value under ZIP 224. Review the destination pool before every subsequent spend and, where necessary, move funds only through receivers that your privacy policy permits.
Privacy checklist
- Generate the destination in the receiving wallet immediately before sending and copy it directly.
- Use a shielded receiver, not a transparent
t-address. - Check whether the destination is Sapling, Orchard or a unified address and understand which receiver will be selected.
- Review transparent change; shielding part of a balance does not make the remaining transparent change private.
- Keep operation IDs and transaction IDs private when reducing public linkage is important.
- Do not put identifying information in a memo unless the recipient needs it and you accept that the memo may be readable to that recipient.
- Remember that shielding is one transaction in a longer history. Later spending, especially from Orchard to a non-Orchard address, can affect what value is revealed.
How to confirm that shielding succeeded
- Find the completed wallet activity entry or the transaction ID returned by the RPC operation.
- Wait for network confirmation rather than relying only on a broadcast or pending message.
- Open the receiving shielded account and verify the amount in the correct pool.
- Check the original transparent balance and any change output so you know exactly how much remains transparent.
- Store the transaction ID with your private records, but do not publish it if doing so would undermine your intended privacy.
Once these checks pass, the ZEC has moved from the transparent source into the shielded destination selected by your wallet or node. The key operational distinction is that a wallet guides the process, while z_shieldcoinbase requires you to manage an asynchronous operation from submission through final transaction retrieval.
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