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How urlwatch filters prevent noisy alerts
urlwatch applies a job’s filter pipeline to retrieved content before comparing it. You can chain filters so that the comparison sees only the content that matters—for example, select a page region, convert it to text, remove a changing timestamp, and trim whitespace. The urlwatch 2.29 handbook describes YAML jobs and their configuration; its filter reference documents the filters below.
Edit the YAML job list, commonly with urlwatch --edit. The right method depends on where the changing content appears:
| Method | Use it when | Tradeoff |
|---|---|---|
| CSS or XPath selection and exclusion | Volatile content is in a distinct HTML or XML element. | It relies on markup and selectors that continue to match the intended content. |
re.sub |
A timestamp or other changing value is embedded in useful text. | An overly broad pattern can remove changes you wanted to monitor. |
| Sorting | The same items appear in a different order, and order is irrelevant. | Reordering will no longer trigger an alert. |
Exclude changing page regions with CSS or XPath
When a timestamp, banner, or rotating module has its own element, filter at the document-structure level. Select the stable content you want monitored and exclude volatile descendants where possible. CSS and XPath filters are set up for HTML by default; the documentation also describes XML mode.
url: https://example.org/status
filter:
- css:
selector: "main .stable-content"
exclude: ".last-updated, .rotating-banner"
- html2text
- strip
This illustrative configuration selects the stable region under main, removes matching update and banner elements, converts the remaining markup to text, then strips surrounding whitespace. Replace the example URL and selectors with the actual page’s structure; these selectors have not been tested against a particular site.
The selector filters can also limit returned matches with skip and maxitems. Use maxitems only if it is correct to monitor a limited number of duplicate matches: limiting results can hide a meaningful later match.
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Normalize timestamps embedded in text
If the time appears in a text string that also contains useful information, use re.sub to remove or replace only the timestamp. Choose a pattern based on the page’s actual format and surrounding text; there is no safe universal timestamp expression.
filter:
- html2text
- re.sub:
pattern: "Last updated: \d{4}-\d{2}-\d{2}.*"
repl: ""
- strip
This example removes text beginning with Last updated: followed by a date in year-month-day format. It is illustrative, not a tested expression for your page. Check that it does not consume additional useful text on the same line. If a stable replacement is more appropriate, set repl to a fixed token rather than an empty string.
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Ignore reordering when list order is noise
For a list whose membership matters but whose order does not, sort the selected items before comparison:
filter:
- css:
selector: "ul.items > li"
sort: true
- html2text
Sorting is appropriate only when order changes should not matter. Do not use it for rankings, queues, schedules, or other lists where position carries information. The plain-text sort filter sorts lines by default and accepts a custom separator when items are divided in another way.
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Test the filtered result before enabling it
- Edit the relevant job in the YAML job list, commonly by running
urlwatch --edit. - Run
urlwatch --test-filterwith the job index or URL, following the syntax supported by your installed version. - Inspect the resulting plaintext. Confirm that the volatile content is gone and that the meaningful text or list entries remain.
- Run urlwatch normally and review the next comparison. A filter update can cause an initial difference because the stored old content was processed using the previous filter.
The testing and stored-content behavior are described in the official urlwatch 2.20 filter documentation. The handbook and filter reference identify themselves as urlwatch 2.29, while this testing and history guidance is from 2.20; check the documentation or behavior for the version installed in your environment if that distinction matters.
Troubleshoot filters that miss changes or hide too much
- The timestamp still triggers an alert: Inspect the filtered plaintext. The selector may not match the element, or the regular expression may not match the site’s exact date format. Adjust it against the content urlwatch actually retrieves.
- Meaningful text disappeared: Narrow the exclusion selector or regular-expression match. A broad pattern can remove useful text alongside a timestamp.
- A page change is no longer reported: Check whether the selected region is too narrow,
maxitemsexcludes later matches, or sorting is suppressing an order change that matters. - The first run after editing reports a difference: New retrievals use the changed filter, but the saved prior content reflects the old filter treatment. Review the test output and the resulting comparison before treating it as a page change.
- You are unsure what urlwatch compares: Use
urlwatch --test-filterand inspect the plaintext output; the 2.20 filter documentation also documents--test-diff-filter.
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