You can use NGINX with the RTMP module as a relay: your encoder publishes to an RTMP application on the VPS, and NGINX forwards that feed to YouTube. For 720p H.264, YouTube’s current guidance recommends 8 Mbps, CBR, and a two-second keyframe interval. A 2 GB RAM plan is not a guarantee that a particular workload will fit; test the stream you intend to run, especially if you transcode.
How the relay works
The encoder sends a stream to the VPS over RTMP. NGINX RTMP listens for that connection under an application name, such as live, then relays the incoming stream to YouTube. The app segment in the publishing URL must match the configured application. The arut/nginx-rtmp-module project documents RTMP live streaming and push/pull relay support.
This is not automatically a transcoding setup. A pass-through relay forwards the incoming stream; transcoding changes video or audio and adds processing work. The module documentation describes FFmpeg-based transcoding, but no universal CPU or RAM requirement for a 720p encode on a 2 GB VPS is established here.
Set YouTube’s 720p encoder settings
YouTube’s current encoder guidance, accessed in 2026, gives the following H.264 targets. They are platform recommendations, not a promise that a particular encoder, VPS, or network will deliver clean video.
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| Setting | 720p at 30 fps | 720p at 60 fps |
|---|---|---|
| Video bitrate | 3 Mbps minimum; 8 Mbps recommended | 3 Mbps minimum; 8 Mbps recommended |
| Rate control | CBR recommended | CBR recommended |
| Keyframe interval | 2 seconds recommended; no more than 4 seconds | 2 seconds recommended; no more than 4 seconds |
| Audio | AAC or MP3; 128 Kbps for stereo | AAC or MP3; 128 Kbps for stereo |
Configure these values in the software that publishes to your VPS, not in the NGINX relay block. Your available upload bandwidth must support the video and audio bitrate, with headroom for network variation. YouTube recommends RTMPS for a secure ingest connection.
Get YouTube’s RTMPS destination and key
- Open YouTube Live Control Room and create or select the livestream you intend to use.
- Reveal the stream settings and copy the RTMPS server URL and stream key. Use the actual endpoint YouTube provides; do not rely on an example URL for a live broadcast.
- Keep the stream key private. Anyone who obtains it may be able to publish to your channel’s stream. Do not put a real key in public configuration examples, screenshots, or source control.
YouTube describes RTMPS as RTMP over TLS. Its ingest requirements include the rtmps protocol, a valid YouTube server and application path, and port 443. See Google’s RTMPS ingestion requirements and YouTube’s RTMPS setup and troubleshooting guidance.
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Install an NGINX RTMP module that matches your NGINX build
Do not assume the NGINX package on your VPS includes RTMP support. The arut module project describes building the module alongside NGINX source. F5’s documented dynamic RTMP module is specifically for NGINX Plus, not a general installation instruction for every community NGINX package. Package availability and installation commands vary by operating system, NGINX edition, and package source. Follow the documentation for the exact build you have.
If you install a dynamic module, use the matching module binary and NGINX version, load it in the main configuration context as directed by that package’s documentation, then validate the configuration with nginx -t before reloading. F5’s RTMP module documentation describes its NGINX Plus-specific approach; consult your distribution or module provider for community-build instructions.
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Configure the receiving application and relay
The following is an illustrative structure, not a validated drop-in configuration. It shows the listener and application relationship; it deliberately does not contain a YouTube URL or key. Relay directive syntax can differ with the installed module and build. Check that build’s documentation and use the current RTMPS URL from Live Control Room.
rtmp {
server {
listen 1935;
chunk_size 4000;
application live {
live on;
# Configure the relay using the syntax supported by
# your installed module and YouTube's current RTMPS endpoint.
}
}
}- Add the RTMP configuration in the context and file layout used by your NGINX installation. The
rtmpblock belongs at the top configuration level, alongside the usual HTTP configuration, rather than inside anhttpblock. - Configure the application name. In this example it is
live; the publisher URL’s app component must also belive. - Set up forwarding from that application to YouTube using the relay syntax supported by your installed module. Use YouTube’s current RTMPS endpoint and the private stream key. Protect the configuration file from unauthorized access if it contains credentials.
- Allow inbound TCP port 1935 in the VPS firewall and any provider-level firewall or security group, unless you deliberately configure a different listener port. The VPS must also be able to make the outbound RTMPS connection to YouTube on port 443.
- Run
nginx -t. If it reports an error, correct the configuration before proceeding. On success, reload NGINX using the service command appropriate for your OS and package.
The module project’s documented publisher URL shape is rtmp://host/app[/name]. With the example application above, a publisher would use the VPS hostname or IP and the live application segment; an optional stream name depends on the configuration. Keep your local ingest address distinct from YouTube’s outbound destination.
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Publish and verify the stream
- Start the encoder with 1280×720 output, the intended frame rate, H.264 video, CBR, the recommended bitrate and keyframe interval, and AAC or MP3 audio.
- Set its server or destination to the VPS RTMP address and its stream path to the configured application, for example
live. Do not enter YouTube’s key in the publisher if NGINX is responsible for forwarding it; configure the key only where the relay requires it. - Begin streaming, then check NGINX logs and YouTube Live Control Room. Confirm that YouTube receives the feed and that the preview shows the expected picture and sound before going live to viewers.
- Watch CPU, memory, network throughput, and encoder or relay errors during the intended stream duration. A short successful connection does not establish that a VPS can sustain a longer or heavier workload.
Pass-through relay or transcoding?
| Approach | When it fits | Resource implication |
|---|---|---|
| Pass-through relay | The incoming stream already matches the output settings YouTube should receive. | It avoids the additional encode work of changing video, though total VPS capacity still depends on the workload and plan. |
| Transcoding | You need to change resolution, frame rate, codec, or bitrate before forwarding. | FFmpeg-based transcoding is documented by the module project, but its CPU and RAM needs for your settings on a 2 GB VPS are not established. Measure on the actual VPS rather than assuming capacity. |
Prefer pass-through when the encoder can produce the desired YouTube settings and there is no transformation requirement. If transcoding is necessary, test the intended codec, resolution, frame rate, and duration while monitoring for dropped frames, CPU saturation, and memory pressure.
Common problems and fixes
- NGINX rejects the configuration or does not recognize
rtmp. The installed build may lack the module, the module may not be loaded, or the configuration may be in the wrong context. Confirm module/build compatibility, follow that package’s instructions, and rerunnginx -t. - The publisher cannot connect to the VPS. Check the NGINX listener, the VPS firewall, provider firewall rules, hostname or IP, and TCP port 1935. Also verify that the publisher’s application segment matches the configured
applicationname. - YouTube does not receive the forwarded feed. Recopy the RTMPS URL and key from Live Control Room, check the relay syntax for the installed module, and confirm outbound connectivity to YouTube on port 443. YouTube’s RTMPS help page covers URL troubleshooting.
- The stream connects but video stutters or drops frames. Check the publisher’s upload stability and bitrate, then inspect VPS CPU, memory, and network use. If transcoding is enabled, compare behavior with a pass-through feed where possible; encoding load is additional work.
- The video or audio settings are rejected or look wrong. Verify that the publishing encoder uses H.264, an appropriate bitrate and CBR, a keyframe interval of two seconds or less than four seconds apart, and a supported audio codec. Check both the encoder output and YouTube’s ingest preview.
Copyright and YouTube channel rules
A technically valid relay does not grant rights to the material it carries. Use video, music, and other content you own or are licensed to stream, and review YouTube’s current live-streaming and copyright rules before broadcasting. A 24/7 loop also does not by itself establish eligibility for monetization; YouTube’s channel policies and review apply independently of the delivery method.
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