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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Query the URLs you need from PostgreSQL, then pass the result rows to a browser automation script that visits each URL and saves an image. For a small, auditable batch, export the query as CSV and parse it with a CSV library; for an application workflow, read rows directly through your existing database driver. The example below uses Playwright with Node.js and includes per-URL results so one failed page does not stop the batch.
Choose how to get URLs from PostgreSQL
Keep database selection and screenshot capture as separate steps: first decide which rows to capture, then send those URLs and stable identifiers to the browser script.
Export a query to CSV
CSV is a straightforward handoff when you want to inspect or archive the exact input to a run. PostgreSQL 18 documents exporting a query result with COPY and CSV options; check the documentation for the PostgreSQL version deployed in your environment before relying on version-specific syntax. See the PostgreSQL 18 COPY documentation.
COPY (
SELECT id, url
FROM public.pages
WHERE url IS NOT NULL
ORDER BY id
) TO '/tmp/urls.csv' WITH (FORMAT CSV, HEADER);The path in this server-side form is on the PostgreSQL server, and the database process must be able to write there. If you need the file on the client machine running psql, use its copy meta-command with the same query and CSV options, for example:
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copy (SELECT id, url FROM public.pages WHERE url IS NOT NULL ORDER BY id) TO 'urls.csv' WITH (FORMAT CSV, HEADER)Do not split CSV rows on commas yourself. A URL or other field can include commas, quote characters, or line breaks protected by CSV quoting; use a real CSV parser.
Read rows through your application
If the capture program already connects to the database, query the URL and identifier columns through the database driver used by that application and feed the returned rows into the same capture loop. The right driver and connection handling depend on your language and deployment; the workflow does not require CSV as an intermediate format.
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Capture the rows with Playwright
This runnable Node.js example reads id,url CSV input, visits each parseable HTTP or HTTPS URL, saves a PNG, and writes a JSON-lines result for every row. It uses Playwright’s documented navigation and screenshot operations; this is an implementation pattern, not a claim that a particular batch has been tested. Install Node.js, then install the dependencies:
npm init -y
npm install playwright csv-parse
npx playwright install chromiumSave the following as capture.mjs:
import { chromium } from 'playwright';
import { parse } from 'csv-parse/sync';
import { readFile, mkdir, appendFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
import { createHash } from 'node:crypto';
const inputPath = process.argv[2] ?? 'urls.csv';
const outputDir = process.argv[3] ?? 'shots';
const resultsPath = `${outputDir}/results.jsonl`;
const rows = parse(await readFile(inputPath), {
columns: true,
skip_empty_lines: true,
bom: true,
trim: true,
});
await mkdir(outputDir, { recursive: true });
const browser = await chromium.launch({ headless: true });
const page = await browser.newPage({ viewport: { width: 1440, height: 900 } });
function filenameFor(id, url) {
const safeId = String(id ?? 'row').replace(/[^a-zA-Z0-9_-]/g, '_').slice(0, 60) || 'row';
const hash = createHash('sha256').update(String(url)).digest('hex').slice(0, 10);
return `${safeId}-${hash}.png`;
}
try {
for (const row of rows) {
const id = row.id;
const rawUrl = row.url;
const result = { id, url: rawUrl };
try {
const parsed = new URL(rawUrl);
if (!['http:', 'https:'].includes(parsed.protocol)) {
throw new Error(`Unsupported URL protocol: ${parsed.protocol}`);
}
await page.goto(parsed.href, { waitUntil: 'load', timeout: 30000 });
const path = `${outputDir}/${filenameFor(id, parsed.href)}`;
await page.screenshot({ path, type: 'png', fullPage: false, scale: 'css' });
Object.assign(result, { status: 'ok', path });
} catch (error) {
Object.assign(result, {
status: 'error',
error: error instanceof Error ? error.message : String(error),
});
}
await appendFile(resultsPath, `${JSON.stringify(result)}n`);
}
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Run it with the CSV file and, optionally, an output directory:
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node capture.mjs urls.csv shotsThe script expects column headers named id and url. Change the SQL aliases or the field names in the script to match your schema. Each image name includes a sanitized ID and a short URL hash, reducing collisions while keeping database values out of unsafe filename characters. The JSONL file records successful image paths and errors, making it possible to retry only failed rows.
Choose what each screenshot should contain
Viewport or full page
The example captures the visible viewport, a consistent 1440-by-900 CSS-pixel frame. Set fullPage: true in the screenshot call when you need the entire scrollable document; full-page output can vary substantially in height and storage size. See the Playwright screenshots guide.
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- POCKET-SIZED – fits easily in pockets and small bags.
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Format and scale
The example explicitly saves PNG at CSS scale. Playwright’s screenshot options also support output path, image format, and scale choices; select them based on the downstream review or storage workflow. Device scale can produce more pixels than CSS scale. The exact available options depend on the Playwright language binding and version; consult the Playwright Page API.
Page readiness
waitUntil: 'load' waits for the page’s load event, but it does not guarantee that every client-rendered widget, lazy image, or animation has finished. If the target pages have a known readiness signal, wait for that selector before capturing. For pages with variable readiness, decide on a bounded wait or a site-specific condition rather than assuming one universal delay will work.
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Make larger runs reliable and manageable
- Keep a stable input order. An explicit
ORDER BYand row identifier make it easier to reconcile images and failures with database records. - Validate input and access scope. The example rejects non-HTTP(S) schemes. If URLs come from untrusted rows, also restrict which hosts the script may access: a browser running inside a private network can otherwise reach destinations your users should not control.
- Bound runtime and resources. The example gives each navigation a 30-second timeout and processes sequentially, which limits simultaneous browser work. Those values are starting choices, not universal recommendations; tune them to the sites, run duration, and available resources.
- Record outcomes and retry deliberately. JSONL records one outcome per row. Preserve the input and result files, then retry errors using an explicit retry policy so persistent failures do not loop indefinitely.
- Consider concurrency only after measuring. Parallel pages can increase throughput but also raise memory, CPU, and network use and may trigger rate limits on target sites. Choose a bounded concurrency level appropriate to your environment; there is no universal safe value.
- Expect rendering differences. Playwright notes that screenshots can vary with host operating system, browser version, settings, hardware, power source, and headless mode. For reproducible comparisons, keep the capture environment consistent. See Playwright’s visual comparisons guidance.
Troubleshoot failed captures
- CSV parse error or missing URL: confirm the export includes the
idandurlheaders and is valid CSV. Do not manually split rows; quoted commas and embedded line breaks require a parser. - Invalid URL or unsupported protocol: inspect the stored value for whitespace, missing scheme, or a non-web scheme. Normalize or correct the database value; only HTTP and HTTPS are accepted by this example.
- Navigation timeout: the target may be slow, unreachable, or waiting on behavior beyond the selected load event. Check the site directly, choose a readiness condition suited to it, and adjust the timeout if justified.
- Browser executable missing: run
npx playwright install chromiumin the project environment and verify the operating system dependencies required by Playwright. - Image absent but status is successful: check the output directory and its write permissions, and inspect the recorded path. Confirm that the screenshot call completed and that the process was not interrupted.
- Images differ between runs: keep the same OS, browser version, viewport, scale, and headless configuration, and account for dynamic page content such as timestamps or rotating promotions.
- Run stops partway through: the JSONL log contains completed rows. Retain it and the original CSV, identify rows without an outcome, and resume or retry those explicitly rather than discarding successful captures.
Or skip the browser setup
ScreenshotNeo accepts a URL in one GET request and returns an image or PDF. Its API can process bulk capture requests of up to 100 URLs per call; use the ScreenshotNeo API documentation for request options and authentication. For one URL, the cURL form is:
curl -G "https://api.screenshotneo.com/v1/shot" -d access_key=YOUR_API_KEY --data-urlencode url=https://stripe.com -o shot.webpFor URLs selected from PostgreSQL, adapt the call in your batch loop and set the output name from the row ID. ScreenshotNeo removes cookie banners, newsletter popups, and chat widgets before capture; bot checks, blank pages, and failed loads are never billed. It also provides an MCP server for AI agents, and its free plan includes 1,000 screenshots per month with no card; paid plans start at $5 for 3,000. Visit ScreenshotNeo or sign up free.
Frequently Asked Questions
Can I capture full-page screenshots instead of only the visible viewport?
Yes. Set Playwright’s fullPage screenshot option to true.
Does PostgreSQL CSV export require a custom parser?
Use a CSV parser rather than splitting on commas, because CSV quoting can preserve commas, quotes, and line breaks inside fields.
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