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Use a browser automation script to read the page title after it loads, sanitize that text into a safe filename, and save the screenshot to that path. With Playwright, the core steps are page.title() and page.screenshot({ path }). Add a date or other unique identifier so captures with the same title do not overwrite one another.
Save a screenshot using the page title in Playwright
This runnable Node.js example uses Playwright to open a URL, wait for navigation, read its title, create a filesystem-safe name, and save a full-page PNG. It also writes a small JSON sidecar containing the original URL, title, timestamp, and capture mode so the filename is not your only record of provenance.
import { chromium } from 'playwright';
import { writeFile } from 'node:fs/promises';
const url = process.argv[2];
if (!url) throw new Error('Usage: node archive.mjs https://example.com');
const browser = await chromium.launch();
try {
const page = await browser.newPage();
await page.goto(url, { waitUntil: 'load' });
// If the site changes its title client-side, wait for that update before this line.
const title = await page.title();
const safeTitle = title
.normalize('NFKC')
.replace(/[\/:*?"<>|u0000-u001F]/g, '-')
.replace(/s+/g, ' ')
.trim()
.replace(/[. ]+$/g, '')
.slice(0, 120) || 'untitled-page';
const timestamp = new Date().toISOString().replace(/[:.]/g, '-');
const filename = `${safeTitle}-${timestamp}.png`;
await page.screenshot({ path: filename, fullPage: true });
await writeFile(`${filename}.json`, JSON.stringify({
url,
title,
capturedAt: new Date().toISOString(),
fullPage: true
}, null, 2));
console.log(`Saved ${filename}`);
} finally {
await browser.close();
}Install Playwright in a project first (npm install playwright) and install the browser it needs with npx playwright install chromium. Save the script as archive.mjs, then run node archive.mjs https://example.com. The filename sanitizer and 120-character title limit here are practical choices, not rules imposed by Playwright.
Make filenames safe and useful
Page titles are written for people, not filesystems. They may be empty, repeated across sites, misleading, or include punctuation that cannot be used in some filenames. The example replaces common disallowed characters, collapses whitespace, trims trailing periods and spaces, and falls back to untitled-page if nothing remains.
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- Prevent collisions: the timestamp makes repeated captures of the same title distinct. For a stable archive, use a unique ID or a collision-checking scheme instead. Avoid silently reusing a filename.
- Keep names bounded: the example limits the title component to 120 characters. Filesystem limits apply to the encoded filename and the full path, so a long directory path can still be a problem.
- Preserve provenance: retain the original URL, capture time, and relevant settings in a sidecar file or index. A title-derived filename alone cannot reliably identify the source.
- Normalize consistently: Unicode normalization can make visually equivalent titles more consistent, but it does not guarantee identical filename behavior across operating systems.
Choose viewport or full-page capture
Playwright’s fullPage: true option captures the full scrollable page; without it, the screenshot is of the current viewport. A full-page image may be exceptionally tall, and pages that load content as the visitor scrolls may need additional handling before capture. Choose based on whether the archive needs the initial view or the whole rendered page. See the Playwright Page API and Playwright screenshot documentation.
Other ways to set the screenshot filename
| Method | How title-based naming works | Full-page capture and output path |
|---|---|---|
| Playwright script | Read the title with page.title(), sanitize it, then build the screenshot path. |
Set fullPage: true and pass the path to page.screenshot(). |
| Playwright CLI | The CLI accepts a filename, but title-derived naming requires a script or separate step to read and transform the title. | Its screenshot command accepts --filename=<f> and --full-page. If omitted, the documented default filename includes a timestamp. See Playwright CLI screenshots. |
| shot-scraper | Supply the title-derived name with its output option after obtaining the title separately. | Use -o for the output filename; its Release 1.3 documentation says omitting height produces a full-page screenshot. It follows redirects. See the shot-scraper Release 1.3 documentation. |
For a one-off capture, a CLI can be convenient when you already know the desired filename. Dynamic naming from each page’s own title is most direct in a script, because the browser can retrieve the title and use it immediately. shot-scraper’s cited documentation also describes dumping final rendered HTML after JavaScript runs, but that is not established as a complete, replayable website archive.
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What a screenshot archive does—and does not—preserve
A screenshot records a visual rendering at capture time. It does not, by itself, preserve links, source text as structured content, scripts, network resources, or interactive behavior; nor does it prove the page can later be reconstructed. If you need future replay or preservation, use a purpose-built web archiving workflow and keep the screenshot as a visual companion. The Playwright documentation distinguishes visual screenshots from accessibility snapshots used to understand page structure and read text.
Troubleshoot title-based screenshot saves
- The title is blank: the document may not have set a title yet, or the site may leave it empty. Wait for a known title update when appropriate; keep the fallback filename and record the URL in metadata.
- The saved title is stale: some pages update the title after initial navigation. Wait for the relevant page state before calling
page.title(); a generic network-idle wait is not a guarantee that every site has finished its client-side work. - Two images overwrite each other: titles are not unique. Add a timestamp, stable identifier, or collision check before saving.
- The filename is rejected or the path is too long: check the target operating system’s filename restrictions and shorten the title or directory path. The example handles common reserved characters but cannot guarantee compatibility with every filesystem.
- The full-page image is incomplete or unusually tall: decide whether viewport capture is more appropriate, and account for lazy-loaded content that appears only after scrolling. The screenshot option captures the page’s scrollable extent; it does not promise every site-specific deferred element has loaded.
- Navigation or capture fails: inspect the browser error and page behavior, and confirm the URL is reachable from the machine running the script. The sample uses
finallyto close the browser even when capture throws.
Or skip the browser setup
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