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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteH2 Database’s CVE-2021-42392 is a critical remote-code-execution vulnerability in H2 Console—not the Log4Shell flaw in Apache Log4j. The two issues share a dangerous pattern: attacker-controlled input can trigger a JNDI lookup to a remote service. H2 versions 1.1.100 through 2.0.204 are affected; H2 identifies 2.0.206 as the patched version. Whether an installation was remotely reachable depends on its configuration.
What is CVE-2021-42392?
CVE-2021-42392 affects H2 Console and H2 code paths that use org.h2.util.JdbcUtils.getConnection. The method accepts a driver class name and database URL. In the vulnerable path, attacker-controlled values can cause a JNDI lookup against a remote LDAP or RMI service; the vulnerable process may then load a class and execute code. CERT-EU reported that JFrog researchers identified the issue on January 6, 2022, and published Security Advisory 2022-002 on January 7, 2022. CERT-EU’s advisory describes the mechanism and chronology.
The NVD assigns CVE-2021-42392 a CVSS v3.1 base score of 9.8 out of 10, rated Critical. That score reflects the vulnerability’s severity; it does not mean every H2 installation is exposed over a network. The NVD record contains the vulnerability details and score.
Why is it called “Log4Shell-like”?
The comparison refers to the JNDI lookup mechanism: in both cases, attacker-controlled input can reach a lookup that contacts a remote service and may lead to code execution. This is not CVE-2021-44228, the Log4Shell vulnerability in Apache Log4j. The affected software, code paths, and remediation are different. H2’s issue is CVE-2021-42392, addressed by updating H2 and restricting access to H2 Console.
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Which H2 versions are affected, and what fixes this issue?
H2’s maintainer lists H2 Console versions 1.1.100 through 2.0.204, inclusive, as affected by CVE-2021-42392. The maintainer lists 2.0.206 as patched: starting with that version, H2 Console and linked tables forbid LDAP URLs for JNDI and use local data sources only. CERT-EU also recommended updating to 2.0.206 in its January 2022 advisory. See the H2 maintainer advisory and CERT-EU advisory.
For a current deployment, inspect the H2 dependency used by the application as well as any separately deployed Console. Do not assume that checking only a standalone database process is sufficient. Version 2.0.206 is the patch named in the original advisory; check current H2 releases and downstream vendor guidance before choosing an upgrade target today.
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Was H2 Console exposed remotely by default?
No. The H2 maintainer says H2 Console does not accept remote connections by default. The documented unauthenticated remote-exploitation scenario requires remote access to have been explicitly enabled and the Console to lack a protection method, such as a security constraint. A vulnerable version alone therefore does not establish that an instance was remotely accessible.
There is also an affected linked-table path. The maintainer says exploiting that path requires ADMIN privileges, so untrusted users should not be given that level of access. The network-exposure condition for Console and the privilege requirement for linked tables are distinct scenarios; check both against your deployment. Details are in the H2 maintainer advisory.
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How to reduce risk and remediate
- Identify every H2 component. Check the application’s resolved H2 dependency and any H2 Console deployment, including a Console hosted as a servlet.
- Upgrade to a currently supported, patched release. The original CVE-2021-42392 advisory names 2.0.206 as fixed. Confirm the appropriate current version and any downstream vendor instructions for your application.
- Keep Console away from untrusted users. Avoid enabling
-webAllowOthers. H2’s maintainer explicitly warns that “-webAllowOthersis a dangerous setting that should be avoided.” - Protect servlet deployments. Configure a security constraint on the web server. If remote access is enabled, configure the relevant security role and constraint according to that server’s documentation.
- Review linked-table privileges. Ensure untrusted users do not have
ADMINprivileges.
H2’s maintainer states: “H2 Console should never be available to untrusted users.” The advice applies even when a deployment has access controls, because restricting exposure is an important defense alongside patching. H2’s advisory provides its remediation guidance.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Do not confuse this with other H2-related advisories
Other vulnerabilities involving H2 or applications that use it have their own affected ranges and fixes. They should not be used to assess or remediate CVE-2021-42392.
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| Issue | Affected component and condition | Fix identified by its advisory |
|---|---|---|
| CVE-2021-42392 | H2 Console versions 1.1.100–2.0.204; also an affected linked-table path requiring ADMIN privileges. |
H2 maintainer identifies 2.0.206 as patched. H2 advisory. |
| CVE-2022-23221 | A separate H2 Console RCE involving a jdbc:h2:mem URL path with IGNORE_UNKNOWN_SETTINGS=TRUE;FORBID_CREATION=FALSE;INIT=RUNSCRIPT; the advisory says versions before 2.1.210 are affected. |
The advisory identifies 2.1.210 as the fix. These details apply to CVE-2022-23221, not CVE-2021-42392. GitHub Advisory Database entry. |
| Metabase H2 connection-string issue | A distinct 2023 issue involving user-supplied H2 connection strings in Metabase. | Metabase lists application-specific patched versions and mitigations in its advisory; those are not H2 Console fixes for CVE-2021-42392. |
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