For a stereo internet-radio relay, set the audio output to AAC or MP3 at 44.1 kHz and 128 kbps, and use YouTube’s recommended RTMPS ingest URL. If you send a still image or other visual too, configure video separately: YouTube recommends a two-second keyframe interval and constant bitrate (CBR). The exact FFmpeg command depends on your radio source and FFmpeg build, so there is no responsible one-size-fits-all command.
Recommended settings for a stereo radio stream
| Setting | Recommendation | When it applies |
|---|---|---|
| Audio codec | AAC or MP3 | YouTube lists both as supported for RTMP/RTMPS ingest. |
| Audio sample rate | 44.1 kHz | YouTube’s recommendation for stereo audio. |
| Audio bitrate | 128 kbps | YouTube’s recommendation for stereo audio. |
| Ingest transport | RTMPS preferred | YouTube lists RTMP and RTMPS, and recommends RTMPS. |
| Rate control | CBR | YouTube’s general encoder guidance. |
| Keyframe interval | 2 seconds recommended; no more than 4 seconds | Video encoding only; an audio-only stream has no video keyframes. |
These are YouTube ingest recommendations, not a guarantee that every source can be relayed with identical FFmpeg options. Your input protocol, source codec and container, and installed FFmpeg build determine which input and output flags are appropriate. YouTube’s published video bitrate table is for video and should not be treated as a target for radio audio. YouTube’s encoder settings guidance covers supported audio and video settings.
Get the YouTube destination details
- Open YouTube Studio and go to Create > Go live to enter Live Control Room.
- Create or select the live stream, then copy the ingest URL and stream key shown for your stream. Use the RTMPS URL where available.
- Keep the stream key private. Treat it like a password: anyone with it may be able to send video to your live event. Do not paste it into public scripts, screenshots, or support posts.
YouTube’s workflow is to connect the encoder, wait for the preview, and then start the broadcast in Live Control Room. Follow the controls shown for your current stream there. YouTube’s live encoder setup instructions explain the connection and preview workflow. RTMPS is RTMP over TLS/SSL; YouTube describes the protocol and ingest options in its encoder guidance.
Build the FFmpeg command around your actual radio source
Do not copy a command that assumes an input type you have not confirmed. A station may provide a URL or stream in a format that your FFmpeg build handles differently; the appropriate input flags, reconnect behavior, and audio mapping depend on that source. Check the current FFmpeg documentation for your installed build and confirm the station’s URL and format before choosing options.
The Tool Desk
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Keep the command’s two ends distinct: the input is the radio source, while the output is YouTube’s RTMPS destination plus your private stream key. Configure the output audio to match YouTube’s stereo targets above. Do not publish a real key in an example or configuration file shared with others. No single command can be called universally compatible without knowing the input and build.
Audio-only relay or a stream with a visual?
Audio-only
For an audio-only relay, focus on the audio codec, 44.1 kHz sample rate, and 128 kbps stereo bitrate. Keyframe interval and resolution-based video bitrate are not audio settings. Check that YouTube accepts the encoder output and that the preview plays audible radio before starting the event.
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Radio with a still image or visualization
Adding an image or visualization creates a video stream as well as radio audio. Set video encoding independently, use CBR under YouTube’s general encoder guidance, and target a two-second keyframe interval without exceeding four seconds. Select the video bitrate according to the chosen codec, resolution, and frame rate using YouTube’s current video guidance; do not substitute the 128 kbps audio recommendation for a video bitrate. YouTube says Live Control Room can automatically detect resolution and frame rate; its general setup guidance says to specify resolution, frame rate, and bitrate when streaming there.
Check bandwidth, preview, and stream health
- Measure the internet connection’s upload capacity before going live. YouTube recommends leaving 20% upload headroom above the stream’s total outgoing bitrate; include video bitrate if you are sending a visual.
- Start the encoder and wait for the stream to appear in Live Control Room.
- Check the preview for both picture, if included, and audible radio. Start the broadcast only after the preview is present and the audio is correct.
- Monitor YouTube’s stream health while the relay is live so you can spot connection or encoding warnings.
Upload speed alone does not establish that a connection will remain stable. Leave the recommended margin and check the preview and health indicators rather than assuming a successful encoder connection means the audience is receiving a clean stream. See YouTube’s encoder settings guidance and YouTube’s live stream troubleshooting guidance.
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Troubleshoot common setup problems
- YouTube does not detect the encoder: verify that the output destination uses the ingest URL shown in Live Control Room and that the stream key belongs to the selected event. Check for copied whitespace or a stale key.
- The encoder connects but the preview is silent: confirm the input radio URL is reachable, that FFmpeg is receiving audio, and that the output is configured to send the intended audio stream. Check that the station itself is currently broadcasting.
- The preview is intermittent or stream health reports connection trouble: compare the total outgoing bitrate with measured upload capacity and preserve YouTube’s recommended 20% headroom. Check whether the connection is fluctuating rather than relying on a single speed test.
- A still image or video fails while audio works: review the video output settings separately, including codec, resolution, frame rate, bitrate, and keyframe interval. The audio recommendations do not set video parameters.
- FFmpeg rejects an input or option: confirm the station’s protocol and format, inspect the capabilities of the installed FFmpeg build, and consult its current documentation. Input and reconnect flags are source- and build-dependent.
Protect the station’s rights and follow YouTube rules
Having access to an internet-radio stream does not automatically grant permission to rebroadcast its music or programming. Confirm that you have the necessary rights for the audio and any visual material, and review YouTube’s live-stream and copyright requirements before relaying it. A technically valid stream can still be interrupted or restricted if its content violates those rules. See YouTube’s live encoder guidance and its copyright guidance.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Or let it run in the cloud
FFmpeg is a do-it-yourself option, but a radio relay that must stay live also depends on the computer, connection, and encoder remaining available. StreamNeo is a cloud service for keeping a YouTube channel live from uploaded videos; it does not relay a live radio URL or go live from a camera. Upload a recording or build a playlist, add your YouTube stream key, and go live. The cloud keeps the stream running without a computer or home connection staying on.
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