Scattered Spider attacks often begin with social engineering aimed at people and identity systems—not with a single, fixed technical exploit. The group’s documented methods include phishing, repeated MFA push requests, and SIM swapping to obtain credentials or get around authentication. In some operations, attackers use remote-access tools and ransomware to steal data, disrupt services, and pursue extortion. These are observed patterns, not steps used in every incident: the latest joint FBI and CISA advisory, published July 29, 2025, reflects investigations through June 2025 and warns that the group’s tactics change.
What is Scattered Spider?
Scattered Spider is a cybercriminal threat associated with social engineering, identity compromise, data theft, and ransomware-enabled extortion. The July 29, 2025 joint advisory from the FBI, CISA, and international partners describes techniques observed in FBI investigations through June 2025. It is the most recent official tactics snapshot cited here, not a guarantee of what the group is doing now.
The advisory identifies phishing, MFA push bombing, SIM swapping, remote-access tools, and ransomware including DragonForce among the group’s reported techniques. The FBI and CISA had also published an earlier advisory in November 2023; the newer guidance should be read as an updated, dated account rather than a permanent profile of the group.
Read the July 29, 2025 joint FBI/CISA and partner advisory or the November 16, 2023 FBI/CISA advisory.
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How does Scattered Spider get into company systems?
Public agency guidance describes a broad attack pattern, not a mandatory sequence. Social engineering can target employees or identity-support processes; if attackers obtain credentials or bypass MFA, they may gain access to company accounts. Remote-access tools can then support further activity. Data theft and ransomware can turn that access into extortion and operational disruption.
Social engineering and identity compromise
Phishing can trick a person into disclosing credentials or interacting with a malicious request. Push bombing means sending repeated MFA approval prompts in the hope that a user will approve one. SIM swapping can redirect a victim’s phone service or messages, potentially undermining authentication that depends on the phone number. These methods illustrate why securing account recovery and help-desk verification matters alongside choosing an authentication method.
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Access, disruption, and extortion
Once an account or system is compromised, remote-access tools may help attackers operate within an environment. The advisory also reports ransomware, including DragonForce, in the group’s activity. Not every incident attributed to Scattered Spider necessarily involves all of these techniques, or uses them in this order; the agencies note that tactics change.
For a specific victim, distinguish agency assessments from company-confirmed disclosures and outside reporting. In particular, MGM’s public filings establish the company’s reported business impact and affected information, but do not provide a complete technical reconstruction of initial access.
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What happened in the MGM cyber attack?
MGM Resorts said it identified a cybersecurity issue affecting certain U.S. systems and took response measures. In a 2023 SEC filing, the company estimated an approximately $100 million negative impact to Adjusted Property EBITDAR for its Las Vegas Strip Resorts and Regional Operations. That is MGM’s estimate for the stated business units, not a universal measure of the cost of a Scattered Spider incident or a figure shown to include every possible downstream cost.
MGM also said criminal actors obtained Social Security numbers and passport numbers for a limited number of customers. The company’s October 5, 2023 update discussed its ongoing investigation and customer notification and support, and addressed other categories of customer data. The company did not provide a count in the cited disclosure, so “limited number” should not be converted into an invented total.
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These records document consequences, not every technical detail of the intrusion. See MGM’s SEC filing and its October 5, 2023 company update.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How can a company defend against Scattered Spider?
The joint advisory recommends controls that address different stages of an attack. They work best as layers, not as alternatives: authentication helps protect access, application controls manage what can run, and separated backups support recovery. The agencies do not rank vendors or prescribe a single product for every organization.
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| Control | Attack stage addressed | What it helps with | Important limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Phishing-resistant MFA | Identity access | Reduces exposure to credential phishing and certain MFA-bypass techniques when correctly deployed. | Does not secure help-desk verification or account recovery by itself; fit depends on the organization’s identity and device environment. |
| Application controls | Software execution | Manages and controls which software can execute in an environment. | Requires policies and operational fit for the organization’s endpoints and applications; it does not replace identity controls. |
| Separate, regularly tested offline backups | Recovery | Can support restoration after systems or data are disrupted, if recovery works as intended. | Backup storage alone does not demonstrate recoverability; backups should be separated from source systems and tested regularly. |
These measures come from the July 2025 joint advisory. The agencies frame the guidance for organizations and defenders, including commercial facilities and other sectors they identify; it is not a consumer incident-response checklist.
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