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In plain Ruby CGI, generate an anchor with CGI# a (written cgi.a); in a Rails view, use link_to. Keep three different jobs separate: creating the anchor, encoding URL data, and escaping HTML text.

Choose the link helper for your Ruby app

Where you are writing Use What it does
Plain Ruby CGI cgi.a(href) { body } Creates an anchor element string. The Ruby 3.2 CGI HTML-extension reference documents a URL string or an attribute hash for the argument: CGI::HtmlExtension#a.
Rails view link_to(text, url) Creates an anchor using a URL string, URL options, or a Rails route helper: Rails Action View link_to.

Make an anchor with Ruby CGI

Require cgi, instantiate CGI, and call a with the destination. The documented CGI HTML extension example uses the HTML5 option:

require "cgi"

cgi = CGI.new("html5")
puts cgi.a("https://example.com/") { "Example" }

The block supplies the link body. The helper can also take an attribute hash instead of a URL string, as described in the Ruby 3.2 CGI reference.

Use Rails link_to in a view

In Rails, pass link text and a path helper or URL options to link_to. For example:

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<%= link_to "Ruby search", search_path(query: "ruby links") %>

Here, search_path is a route helper and the query is supplied as an option rather than assembled into an HTML string. Rails documents that link_to accepts link text plus a URL or URL options and returns an anchor element in its Action View URL helper reference.

Encode URL data for the right context

Encoding a value and generating an anchor are separate operations. Pick an encoder based on whether the value is form data or a URI component; the Ruby CGI reference documents both methods and their distinct behavior at CGI class: escape methods.

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Value’s purpose Method Space behavior Example
Form-style value (application/x-www-form-urlencoded) CGI.escape Space becomes +. CGI.escape("ruby links") returns ruby+links.
URI component CGI.escapeURIComponent Space becomes %20; method follows RFC 3986 component encoding. CGI.escapeURIComponent("ruby links") returns ruby%20links.
require "cgi"

form_value = CGI.escape("ruby links")
component = CGI.escapeURIComponent("ruby links")

These methods encode a value; they do not create an anchor, nor should either be treated as a universal substitute for constructing a URL. The examples show the documented distinction without assuming how a particular application builds complete URLs.

Escape HTML text separately

Text placed in generated markup has an HTML context. URL encoding does not make arbitrary text safe as HTML. Ruby’s CGI.escapeHTML escapes characters including apostrophe, ampersand, quotation mark, less-than, and greater-than symbols, as documented in the CGI reference.

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require "cgi"

label = CGI.escapeHTML(untrusted_label)
puts cgi.a("https://example.com/") { label }

Escape untrusted body text before interpolating it into generated markup. Keep the operation appropriate to the output context: HTML escaping and URL-component encoding solve different problems.

Use a button for a data-changing Rails action

An ordinary destination belongs in an anchor created by link_to. For an action that changes data, Rails documents button_to as the safer choice because it submits a form button and avoids accidental triggering by search bots or accelerators:

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<%= button_to "Delete", record_path(@record), method: :delete %>

See the Rails Action View button_to reference for the helper’s documented behavior.

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Check your Ruby and Rails documentation version

The CGI anchor helper cited here is documented in Ruby 3.2, while the CGI escape-method reference is the current master documentation; confirm availability and behavior against the Ruby version your application targets. The Rails helper references are for Rails 8.1.4. Avoid copying URL-building recipes from older material without checking the APIs for your version; the older Programming Ruby web chapter is historical background, not current API guidance.

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