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How do you score in judo?
Judo alternates between standing exchanges (tachi-waza) and groundwork (ne-waza). A throw can score when it produces a qualifying landing; on the ground, a recognized hold or submission attempt may create a scoring opportunity or end the bout. The referee announces scores and penalties, so listen for the call as well as watching the action.
Ippon: the decisive score
Ippon wins the contest. For a throw, the IJF’s general explanation describes the broad idea as a controlled landing on the back with speed and force. The exact criteria can depend on the action and current rules; this summary is not a substitute for the IJF’s current Sport and Organisation Rules.
Waza-ari and yuko: lesser scores
Waza-ari is a substantial score but should not be treated as an automatic win. Yuko returned to the international scoring framework in 2025 for specified less decisive landings and qualifying groundwork. The IJF’s 2024 rule announcement says a five-second ne-waza hold can earn yuko; its accompanying explanation gives a 5–9 second osaekomi interval for that score. Those announcements do not establish every current hold threshold.
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Older explanations that describe only ippon and waza-ari, or say two waza-ari make ippon, predate the restoration of yuko and should not be used to interpret today’s international scoreboard. See the IJF’s 2025 rules announcement and rule explanation.
What should you watch during a match?
- Watch the grip and the attack. A useful grip can set up a throw, but gripping is not the point of the exchange: look for whether the judoka attacks and produces a scored landing. The IJF’s 2024 explanation says a conventional grip starts a 30-second window to prepare an attack; unusual grips call for more immediate activity.
- Listen for the score or “mate.” After a scoring action, the referee announces the result. “Mate” pauses the contest; it can follow a boundary situation or another reason to reset, and does not by itself mean a foul occurred.
- Track the transition to the ground. If the action continues into ne-waza, watch for a recognized pin (osaekomi), a submission attempt, or a restart. The five-second yuko threshold is established in the IJF’s 2024 announcement, but the complete current hold-score ladder is not detailed there.
- Listen for “hajime.” This call restarts the action after a pause. The back-and-forth between mate and hajime is part of ordinary match flow.
What does shido mean?
Shido is a penalty for an infringement. It affects the contest, but one call alone does not tell you who will win. IJF examples in its 2025 rules explanation include prohibited leg contact or grabbing and negative use of grips. The IJF distinguishes a grip that is allowed from using it passively or to avoid attacking.
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The rules explanation says gripping under the belt is permitted up to the top of the inner thigh, while grabbing, hooking or touching the leg below the specified boundary is prohibited. This is a viewer’s guide to the distinction, not a complete list of legal grips or penalties. Do not infer the penalty total needed for disqualification from older rule summaries; consult the current IJF rules for the full accumulation sequence.
Why did the referee stop the match?
“Mate” means pause, not necessarily penalty. The IJF’s current explanation distinguishes an unintentional exit from the contest area from an intentional exit, which can be penalized. A referee may also pause action to reset the competitors or address a situation on the mat. Watch for the next call: “hajime” signals that the contest resumes.
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How do age-category rules affect what you see?
Some calls depend on the event category. Under the IJF’s 2025 framework, use of the head to throw or defend is permitted in senior and junior competition but penalized in cadet events. A dangerous head-first dive can result in hansoku-make (disqualification). The IJF also identifies a cadet-specific distinction for reverse seoi-nage. These examples are why a call seen in one age group should not automatically be assumed to apply identically in another.
The IJF describes hansoku-make for severe infractions, including dangerous head-first diving and certain high-risk joint-locking combinations. The examples are not a full catalogue of disqualifying actions.
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What happens in golden score?
Golden score is a deciding extension when the contest has not been resolved in regular time. The exact current mechanics are not established by the IJF announcement excerpts cited here, so this guide does not specify how the extension is timed or which outcomes decide it. For those details, use the current IJF Sport and Organisation Rules rather than older summaries.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Which rules apply to international judo now?
The IJF announced revised rules in December 2024 and said they were first implemented internationally at the Paris Grand Slam 2025. Its 6 January 2026 season update said the rules remained largely unchanged and would be fixed through LA28 from the Ulaanbaatar Grand Slam onwards. The IJF documents index lists a Sport and Organisation Rules version dated 14 August 2026. For exact edge cases and procedures, consult that current version: IJF documents.
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The IJF’s 2025 explanation includes examples, not an exhaustive rules code. Its older general scoring page is useful for the broad idea of ippon, but predates yuko’s return; do not rely on it for the current score system: IJF general scoring explanation.
Where can you watch more international contests?
JudoTV is an IJF viewing resource. The IJF has described event information, replays and analysis among its features, and on 18 June 2026 announced subscriber-exclusive live streaming of every IJF World Judo Tour event from the start of the new Olympic qualification cycle. Availability, geographic coverage and subscription terms can vary; check the service for current details before relying on access. See the IJF’s JudoTV announcement and June 2026 streaming announcement.
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