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A free scan shows the junk files, broken settings and background clutter dragging Windows down - then fixes them in one click.Free scan · Windows 10 & 11If you believe a federal judge reached the wrong decision, seek review through the case’s available procedures, including an appeal where permitted. If you allege qualifying misconduct or a mental or physical disability that prevents a federal judge from performing judicial duties, the judicial-conduct complaint process may apply. A complaint is not an appeal: it cannot reverse a ruling or decide the underlying case.
Which process fits your concern?
| Your concern | Possible route | What that route addresses | What it does not do |
|---|---|---|---|
| The judge made the wrong decision in my case. | Use the procedures available in that case, including an appeal if available. | Review of the decision through the case’s ordinary legal process. | A misconduct complaint cannot provide a merits ruling or reverse the decision. See the U.S. Courts complaint FAQ and the Second Circuit’s explanation. |
| The judge may have engaged in conduct covered by the statute, or may have a disabling condition. | Consider a judicial-conduct or disability complaint under the governing Act and Rules. | Qualifying conduct prejudicial to the effective and expeditious administration of court business, or a qualifying mental or physical disability. | Disagreement with a ruling alone is not enough. The allegation must fit the statutory standard. |
| I have a concern about a court employee who is not a judge. | Use the relevant court’s employee-reporting or administrative channel. | Concerns handled through the appropriate channel for non-judge employees. | The federal judicial-conduct complaint process is for covered judges, not non-judge staff. |
| I want a different judge in my pending case. | Check for a procedure available in the case and consider legal advice about the circumstances. | Any remedy depends on the applicable law and procedural posture. | A conduct complaint does not automatically disqualify the judge or assign a new one. |
The Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts puts the distinction plainly: “If you wish to challenge the correctness of a judge’s decision, you must do so before that court or on appeal, and not by filing a judicial conduct or disability complaint.” The FAQ was updated in July 2021.
What a judicial-conduct complaint covers
The Judicial Conduct and Disability Act of 1980, 28 U.S.C. §§ 351–364, and the Rules for Judicial-Conduct and Judicial-Disability Proceedings govern this process. Under the Act, a complaint may allege conduct prejudicial to the effective and expeditious administration of court business, or a mental or physical disability that makes a judge unable to discharge judicial duties. The U.S. Courts overview describes the Act and national Rules.
The key distinction is the nature of the claim. A complaint is about qualifying conduct or inability to perform judicial duties; it is not a way to argue that a judge interpreted the law incorrectly, made a factual error, or should have ruled for another party. The Eleventh Circuit’s guidance also states that state judges and Supreme Court Justices are outside the category of judges covered by the Act.
Who receives the complaint
For a circuit, district, bankruptcy, or magistrate judge, the national FAQ directs the complainant to the clerk’s office of the U.S. Court of Appeals for the regional circuit where the judge serves. Certain specialized courts have separate filing destinations: the FAQ directs complaints concerning a Federal Circuit judge to the Federal Circuit’s clerk’s office, and complaints concerning a Court of International Trade or Court of Federal Claims judge to that court’s clerk’s office. The U.S. Courts overview points to the appropriate court office under Rule 7.
Do not send the complaint to the judge complained about or file it in the ongoing case. Before submitting, check the current instructions from the appropriate court office: local rules may set requirements for forms, copies, addresses, page limits, or delivery methods.
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What to include and how to file
The national FAQ says a complainant may use the form in the Rules’ appendix or a form supplied by the appropriate court office, but its general instructions do not require a particular form. It calls for a legible complaint with a contact address, information about the relevant events, when and where they occurred, and details that can help verify the account, such as transcripts or witness information. The complaint must be signed under penalty of perjury.
Local filing directions matter. For example, the Ninth Circuit’s instructions, last updated October 1, 2026, prescribe paper submission and specific form and naming directions. Those are Ninth Circuit procedures, not a universal filing method; follow the rules of the court responsible for your complaint.
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What a complaint cannot do for your case
Filing a complaint does not pause or replace the procedures in the underlying case. The Ninth Circuit says its complaint process cannot change a case’s outcome, decide matters in the case, provide a new judge, award money or legal help, or function as an appeal. Its guidance summarizes the boundary this way: “This process is not available to challenge a judge’s decision.” That statement describes the Ninth Circuit’s process, while the underlying distinction also appears in national guidance.
If a complaint is dismissed or otherwise resolved, the precise review available depends on the type of disposition and the governing Rules. Consult the current Rules and the relevant circuit’s instructions for disposition-specific information.
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Practical next steps if a case is active
- If the issue is a ruling: identify the review procedure available in the case and verify its requirements and deadlines under the controlling rules. Do not use a conduct complaint as a substitute for an appeal.
- If the issue is judicial conduct or disability: check that the person is a judge covered by the Act, then consult the relevant circuit or specialized court office for its current filing instructions.
- If the issue concerns court staff: locate the court’s channel for concerns about non-judge employees rather than using the judge-complaint process.
- If you need a different judge: look to procedures available in the case; a complaint does not itself change the assignment.
This is general procedural information, not legal advice for a particular case. If you have an active matter, check the controlling rules promptly and consider consulting a lawyer about the review options that apply to your circumstances.
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