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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchStart with both your web server’s access logs and the logs or security events from any CDN, WAF, or reverse proxy in front of it. Group requests by time, path, status code, source IP or ASN where available, user-agent, and request rate. Repeated requests across many paths, bursts, or attempts to reach sensitive endpoints can be signs of automated probing—but none proves on its own that the client is an AI agent or that it lacks permission. Check what the requests did, whether the claimed bot identity is credible, and how the activity compares with your site’s access policy.
What counts as an AI agent probing your site?
“AI agent” can describe different kinds of automated activity. Cloudflare distinguishes Search crawlers, which collect or index content for later answers; Agent activity, which acts in real time for a person, such as browser-use agents; and Training crawlers, which collect content for training or fine-tuning. A bot may have more than one purpose.
A known crawler requesting public pages is not automatically malicious. Whether access is “without permission” depends on your site’s policy, the requested resource, and any applicable agreement. Treat “probing” as a description of behavior to investigate, not a verdict about intent or authorization.
Where to look for evidence
| Method | What it can tell you | What it cannot establish by itself |
|---|---|---|
| Origin access logs | Requests that reached your web server, including paths, status codes, and client details your logging configuration records. | Requests stopped or handled before reaching the origin; AI identity or authorization based only on request patterns. |
| CDN, WAF, or reverse-proxy logs and bot analytics | Requests observed or blocked at the edge, plus available bot signals and the rules or actions applied. | Complete visibility in every setup; coverage and fields depend on provider, configuration, and plan, and a bot score does not prove motive. |
| User-agent search | Requests that claim a recognizable crawler name, making it a useful first log filter. | That the client really is that crawler: headers can be forged, and bots may use unrecognized names. |
| Identity validation | Whether a claimed crawler matches its operator’s published verification method, where one exists. | Permission to access every path or use content for every purpose. |
robots.txt |
Your stated crawl preferences and whether compliant crawlers appear to follow them. | Enforced access control: a client can ignore the file. |
| Challenges, rate limits, and blocks | Ways to reduce unwanted request volume or protect particular routes. | Perfect discrimination between unwanted automation and legitimate users or services; rules can cause false positives. |
Cloudflare describes bot detection using heuristics, JavaScript detections, and machine-learning detection; available engines and signals depend on the plan. Its bot detection engines can add evidence, but do not turn a score into proof of intent.
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How to investigate suspicious requests
1. Check both the edge and the origin
Map the path a request takes: determine whether a CDN, WAF, load balancer, or reverse proxy sits between the public internet and your server. Review origin access logs alongside edge request logs, security events, or bot analytics. A request blocked at the edge may never appear in the origin log. Cloudflare explains how to review bot analytics and sampled security logs in its malicious-bot guidance; available features vary by plan.
2. Make sure logs capture enough detail
For relevant routes, useful fields include timestamp, request or correlation ID, path, status, client IP and ASN where available, raw and parsed user-agent, and a session or authenticated-identity signal when appropriate. Record the detection decision or rule that acted on the request. OWASP also discusses TLS or HTTP fingerprints where appropriate and recommends masking credentials and personal information. Do not log secrets just to identify a crawler; see the OWASP Bot Management and Anti-Automation Cheat Sheet.
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3. Search bot names, but verify the claim
Filter logs for known names such as GPTBot and OAI-SearchBot. Cloudflare describes GPTBot as a training crawler and OAI-SearchBot as helping find sites to reference in ChatGPT search results; see its AI crawler guide. These names are useful search terms, not authentication. Compare a claimed identity with the operator’s published verification method, when available, and assess the requests and edge signals too. Cloudflare explains why bot authentication matters.
4. Look for patterns across requests
Group activity by time, path, status, source, and user-agent. Check whether a client makes unusually broad or repetitive requests, sends bursts, produces many failures, or focuses on sensitive routes. Compare its timing and navigation pattern with ordinary user activity and known integrations. Sudden volume, high-volume requests from a particular user-agent, and geographic concentration are investigation clues—not proof that a client is an AI agent or acting improperly.
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5. Compare what happened with your access policy
Review your robots.txt, terms, authentication requirements, and any access agreements. A disallowed path in robots.txt is a request to compliant crawlers, not a lock; use authentication and server- or edge-side controls for actual restrictions. OWASP describes a disallowed “bait” path as one possible honeypot signal: a crawler that requests it merits investigation. Never put sensitive content at a bait URL.
6. Respond in proportion to confidence and risk
If evidence is uncertain, start by monitoring and preserving relevant logs. If a route is at risk, consider a challenge, a route-specific rate limit, or a block. After applying a rule, review events and adjust it if it affects legitimate users, verified search crawlers, monitoring services, or partner integrations. Cloudflare documents custom rules and rate limiting in its bot-management guidance; OWASP recommends graduated responses in its anti-automation guidance.
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What robots.txt and bot controls can—and cannot—do
robots.txt communicates which paths you prefer crawlers to avoid. Reputable bots often follow it, but it is non-binding and cannot stop a client that ignores it. Use authentication or server- and edge-side rules to enforce restrictions. Cloudflare’s crawler guidance explains the difference.
Detection and enforcement are separate decisions. Logs and bot analytics help you identify patterns; challenges, rate limits, and blocks change what traffic can do. A managed CDN or WAF can provide edge visibility and rule controls, but its available signals and features depend on the service and configuration. Tune controls for the routes and risks that matter, then inspect the results for false positives.
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Cloudflare’s AI-bot defaults are date- and configuration-specific
Cloudflare’s documentation says that, from September 15, 2026, new domains receive updated defaults that block bots classified as Training or Agent on pages displaying ads while leaving Search allowed. The documentation also describes options to block on all pages, block on pages with ads, or allow bots, and says mixed-purpose crawlers are included under the described training-block configurations. These are Cloudflare-specific settings, not a general rule for websites. Check your dashboard and security events to see which settings apply to your domain: Cloudflare AI bot policy documentation.
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