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If a webhook provider does not sign requests, first check whether it offers a documented signature or another receiver-verifiable authentication method. If not, treat every delivery as untrusted input: do not let its payload alone authorize a payment, account change, access grant, or destructive action. For high-impact events, independently fetch the current state through an authenticated API—or decline the integration if that cannot make the risk acceptable.
First confirm that requests are truly unauthenticated
Check the provider’s current documentation and settings for an optional signing secret, signature header, signed timestamp, mutual TLS, or another documented mechanism your server can verify. A header name or secret-looking URL is not proof of authentication: establish what the receiver checks and what that check guarantees.
A verified signature is the direct way to check that a message has not been altered and that the sender had the shared signing secret. GitHub’s webhook validation guide, for example, describes configuring a high-entropy secret and validating an HMAC signature. Its example rejects a request when the expected signature header is missing. Ask the provider whether it supports a comparable documented scheme or another authenticated option.
Decide what an unsigned delivery is allowed to do
Base the decision on the consequences of a forged request. A low-impact notification may be usable as a prompt to check for an update. A request that could move money, alter an account, grant access, or destroy data should not be treated as authority merely because it reached your endpoint.
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For sensitive events, use the webhook only as a signal: retrieve the relevant current state using a separately authenticated API, then apply your own business rules before acting. If you cannot independently verify the state or otherwise reduce the risk to an acceptable level, refuse the integration for that action. This is a risk-based design choice, not a universal fallback prescribed for every provider.
Know what fallback controls can—and cannot—prove
| Control | Useful for | Does not establish by itself |
|---|---|---|
| Verified request signature | Checking message integrity and that the sender had the shared signing secret | Whether the event meets your business rules or is safe to process more than once |
| HTTPS with certificate validation | Protecting the connection and helping prevent in-transit modification | That a request to your public endpoint came from the expected provider application |
| Source-IP allowlist | Rejecting traffic outside the provider’s configured address ranges | Message integrity or a stable provider identity if ranges change or infrastructure is shared |
| Secret URL or token | Restricting access while the value stays confidential and is correctly checked | Body integrity if the token is not cryptographically bound to the body; protection if the value leaks |
| Event ID, deduplication, and idempotency | Reducing duplicate processing and some replay consequences | Authenticity of the first request carrying that ID |
| Payload and schema validation | Rejecting malformed or disallowed data | Sender identity |
Use these measures as defense in depth, not as substitutes for a verified signature. HTTPS, an obscure endpoint path, and IP filtering do not give an unsigned payload the same integrity and origin guarantees as a verified message signature.
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If you accept unsigned deliveries, constrain the endpoint
- Require HTTPS and keep certificate validation enabled. Do not weaken transport checks to make a delivery work.
- Limit what the endpoint accepts. Allow only the required HTTP methods, event types, and actions; subscribe only to events you need.
- Validate the payload. Check its shape, field types, allowed values, and business rules before using it. Treat validation as input control, not authentication.
- Limit resource use. Set reasonable payload-size and request-rate limits so unauthenticated traffic cannot consume unlimited resources.
- Use deduplication and idempotent handlers. Track delivery identifiers where available and design processing so repeats do not repeat harmful effects. An ID does not authenticate the request.
- Protect credentials. Keep tokens and secrets out of source code, logs, and payload URLs. Store any shared secrets securely.
- Consider a maintained IP allowlist only when the provider publishes stable ranges. Allowlisting requires upkeep; GitHub notes its delivery addresses can change and should be refreshed periodically.
GitHub’s webhook best practices also recommends checking event type and action, subscribing only to needed events, and handling delivery identifiers carefully. It notes a redelivery retains its original delivery ID, which is useful for deduplication but does not turn that ID into authentication.
When signing is available, verify before acting
Use the provider’s exact documented scheme and, where available, its official library. Schemes differ; do not assume another provider’s header format or algorithm applies. For GitHub’s documented HMAC-SHA256 approach, verification uses the exact request body, the documented signature prefix, and a constant-time comparison. Preserve the original body bytes until verification: a proxy or load balancer that changes the body or relevant headers can break verification or undermine the check.
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When an endpoint is configured to require signatures, reject missing or invalid signatures. Do not silently accept unsigned traffic during an outage; changing that boundary should require an explicit risk decision.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Keep the decision current
Provider features, authentication options, and IP ranges can change. Re-check official documentation, rotate credentials when applicable, and reassess the integration if its authority expands. For example, GitHub says webhook receivers should return a 2XX response within 10 seconds or GitHub terminates the connection and considers delivery failed; that timing is specific to GitHub, not a general webhook standard.
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OWASP’s Cheat Sheet Series draft discusses controls such as mutual TLS, authorization tokens, replay protections, payload checks, and idempotency, but the cited material is a draft repository copy rather than a finalized canonical OWASP page. Verify any proposed mechanism against the provider’s current implementation and documentation.
Quick Recap
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