Yes—but only in a laboratory prototype, not in a building-ready product. Researchers 3D-printed cement-based supercapacitor electrodes onto a concrete slab; tests reported compressive strength comparable to commercial concrete used in slabs and stairs, and three connected devices powered a small LED array. The result shows a possible way to combine structural material and energy storage, but it does not establish code compliance or full-building readiness.
How does 3D-printed concrete store electricity?
The 2026 study, “Monolithic 3D-Printed Interdigitated Cement-Based Supercapacitors for Structural Energy Storage,” reports a cement-based supercapacitor. It is not ordinary concrete acting as a conventional battery. A supercapacitor stores and releases energy quickly and can support many charge-discharge cycles, but it generally stores less energy than systems intended to supply power over a sustained period.
According to the American Chemical Society’s October 1, 2026 summary, the researchers mixed carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and cement into a printable electrode ink, then used a 3D printer to deposit it on a small concrete slab in an interdigitated pattern. The electrodes resemble interlocking fingers. As the cement hydrated, pores filled with water and ions; ions move between the electrodes to store and release energy. The short paths between the patterned electrodes made the device more efficient than earlier iterations, ACS reports.
What did the tests demonstrate?
Compressive strength comparable to common slab and stair concrete
The study summary says the prototype’s compressive strength was comparable to commercial concrete used in slabs and stairs. It does not give an exact strength value. That comparison is encouraging for a structural-energy-storage concept, but it is not evidence of building-code compliance, a validated reinforcement design, successful scale-up, or a full building’s structural performance.
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A small LED array powered by connected devices
Three devices printed on the same slab and wired together powered a small array of LEDs. The demonstration establishes that the prototypes could deliver electricity to a modest load; it does not establish how much energy they store or how long they can power a given device. Emergency lighting and self-powered sensors are possibilities researchers identify for future work, not applications demonstrated in a building.
Performance declined near freezing
The devices operated stably under moderate heating and cooling, but performance began to decline at about 0°F (−18°C), according to ACS. The researchers said future work would address cold-weather performance. This reported limitation matters for any proposed use in exposed structures or cold climates.
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What is not yet known about the prototype?
The ACS summary does not report a numerical capacitance, energy density, output-power figure, cycle life, or exact compressive-strength value for this 2026 device. Without those results, it is not possible to assess how much storage a practical installation might provide, how quickly it could deliver power, or how performance changes over repeated use. Nor does the reported LED demonstration establish that the system can meet a building’s routine energy needs.
Jing Zhong, identified by ACS as the study’s corresponding author, described one possible role: “If renewable energy is available to recharge [the supercapacitors] frequently enough, they could meet some energy needs through repeated charging and discharging.” That is a conditional future-use scenario, not a measured building-level result.
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How this result differs from MIT’s carbon-concrete research
A separate 2025 MIT project studied electron-conducting carbon concrete, or ec³. It should not be confused with the 2026 3D-printed interdigitated prototype: the formulation, device architecture, and reported demonstrations differ.
| Research line | Material and approach | Reported demonstration or metric |
|---|---|---|
| 2026 ACS Nano prototype | Carbon nanotubes, carbon black, and cement formed a printable ink, deposited in an interdigitated pattern on a concrete slab. | Three connected devices powered a small LED array; compressive strength was described as comparable to commercial concrete used in slabs and stairs. The ACS summary gives no numerical energy or strength metrics. |
| 2025 MIT ec³ research | Cement, water, ultra-fine carbon black, and electrolytes formed electron-conducting carbon concrete; the work examined improved electrolytes and manufacturing. | MIT reported an energy-storage-capacity improvement “by an order of magnitude” for that research line. Its account also describes a small 9-volt arch supporting its own weight and additional load while powering an LED. |
MIT’s reported volume estimates also belong to ec³, not the ACS prototype. MIT estimated that the earlier 2023 version would require about 45 cubic meters to meet an average home’s daily needs, compared with about 5 cubic meters for the improved formulation. The same 2025 account reported over 2 kilowatt-hours stored per cubic meter for the organic-electrolyte ec³ version. These are MIT’s estimates and figures for its distinct material and comparison; they are not measurements of the 2026 ACS device. See MIT News’ October 1, 2025 account for that work.
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Printed structural supercapacitors are a broader research area, too. A separate March 2025 paper preview describes porous concrete printed with carbon-black-coated nickel foam as electrodes and reinforcement. That is another design, not a component of the ACS or MIT results: Elsevier’s preview of the study.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Could this become part of a building?
Potentially, but the evidence supports a materials concept and a limited demonstrator—not a building made with operational structural energy storage. Before such a system could be evaluated for real construction, more evidence would be needed on quantitative storage and power, repeated cycling, performance in relevant climates, scalable fabrication, structural design, and applicable code requirements. The ACS summary does not establish those qualifications.
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The broader context is active research into 3D-printed concrete in construction and emerging integrations such as energy storage. A 2025 review in Nature Reviews Clean Technology surveys those construction applications. It provides context for the field, not proof that this specific supercapacitor is ready for use.
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