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Advanced security can block many phishing attempts, but it cannot guarantee that nobody will be tricked into entering a password or approving an attacker’s login. The key is to protect each step of the attack—from message delivery to sign-in—with controls that address the tactic being used. Email filtering helps reduce exposure; phishing-resistant authentication can prevent credentials stolen at a fake site from working.

Why does phishing still work when we have advanced security?

Phishing is social engineering: an attacker uses a message, website, call, or text to persuade someone to disclose information or take an action. It can arrive as a broad email lure or as a more targeted attempt, including spearphishing, whaling, vishing, or smishing. CISA’s March 2025 phishing guidance describes these tactics and the ways they can be used to solicit information.

Security tools may filter a suspicious message or block a known malicious site, but they cannot ensure that every deceptive message is caught or that a user will never respond. The attack may also exploit a gap between controls: a message gets through, the recipient trusts its apparent source, and the attacker captures credentials or persuades the recipient to approve a sign-in. CISA’s October 2022 MFA fact sheet describes a common version: a fake login page collects a password and a one-time code, which the attacker then uses to try to access the real account.

What a credential-phishing attempt looks like

  1. An attacker sends a message impersonating a person, service, or organization the recipient may trust.
  2. The recipient follows a link to a lookalike sign-in page controlled by the attacker.
  3. The page captures the password and may ask for a one-time code or other second factor.
  4. The attacker tries the captured information against the real account.

The weakness is not that every security control is ineffective. It is that a user can be routed around some controls by being persuaded to hand over information or approve an action.

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Can phishing bypass MFA?

Some MFA methods can be phished or attacked in other ways, so having MFA does not automatically mean a login is phishing-resistant. CISA identifies phishing, push bombing, SS7 exploitation, and SIM swapping as threats to some MFA implementations in its phishing guidance and MFA fact sheet.

  • Credential phishing: A fake site collects a password and a code that the user enters there.
  • Push bombing: Repeated approval prompts pressure a user to accept one, even if the login was not theirs.
  • Phone-number attacks: SS7 weaknesses can expose SMS or voice codes; SIM swapping can move a victim’s number to a SIM controlled by an attacker.

Do not approve an unexpected login prompt or share a verification code in response to a message or call. If a suspicious prompt or message involves a work account, use the employer’s official reporting process rather than relying on a universal set of incident steps.

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Which MFA methods provide stronger phishing protection?

CISA’s small-business guidance on strong passwords and MFA ranks the methods it lists from stronger to weaker. Its order is useful as a practical comparison, but the account or service must support the method and it must work with the user’s devices and recovery arrangements.

Method What to know
Physical security key CISA lists this as the strongest option in its comparison. A FIDO security key, such as a YubiKey, is useful only when the account and device support it; no particular model is implied here.
Authenticator app with number matching CISA lists this below physical security keys and above basic app codes. It is an interim improvement when stronger phishing-resistant MFA is not yet available.
Authenticator app with one-time code Stronger than text or email codes in CISA’s ordering, but a code entered into a fake site can still be captured.
Biometrics Typically tied to a particular device; CISA recommends using biometrics with another method.
Text or email code CISA calls these the weakest methods in its list and recommends using them only when stronger options are unavailable.

CISA says FIDO/WebAuthn can block an attempt when a user is tricked into signing in at a fake website, because the authentication is tied to the legitimate site. By contrast, CISA notes that PKI-based MFA requires mature identity and access management and is not widely supported by commonly used services. The strongest choice in theory may therefore not be deployable everywhere; check the service’s supported sign-in methods and plan migration where legacy options remain.

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What can organizations do to reduce phishing risk?

Use layered controls rather than expecting a single tool or training session to stop every attempt. CISA’s MFA guidance and phishing guidance support the following priorities:

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  • FAST & CONVENIENT LOGIN: Plug in your Security Key C NFC via USB-C and tap it, or tap it against your phone (NFC) to authenticate. No batteries, no internet connection, and no extra fees required.
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  • POWERFUL SECURITY KEY: The Security Key NFC is the essential physical passkey for protecting your digital life from phishing attacks. It ensures only you can access your accounts.
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  1. Require MFA on important services. Cover email, file storage, remote access, and sensitive services; begin with administrators and staff who handle sensitive data.
  2. Prioritize phishing-resistant MFA. Where an account supports it, favor FIDO/WebAuthn or a physical security key. If that is not yet available, consider number matching as an interim step while planning a stronger migration.
  3. Strengthen email controls. Gateway denylists and DMARC can reduce the risk from spoofed or modified email. They complement, rather than replace, strong authentication and user reporting. See CISA’s phishing guidance and phishing-prevention infographic.
  4. Train people to recognize and report suspicious activity. Maintain official channels for reporting messages and verifying unusual requests. CISA’s January 2024 phishing postcard also emphasizes recognizing and reporting phishing.
  5. Support unique, strong passwords. A password manager can help staff use unique passwords, but password hygiene does not make a person immune to phishing or replace phishing-resistant MFA. See CISA’s strong-password guidance.

What should individuals do?

  • Choose the strongest MFA option the account supports, taking device compatibility and account-recovery options into account.
  • Reject unexpected sign-in prompts and never disclose a verification code in response to a message or call.
  • Use unique, strong passwords, ideally managed with a password manager; do not treat this as a substitute for phishing-resistant MFA.
  • Report suspicious messages or sign-in prompts through your organization’s official process when using a work account.

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