If n8n displays a webhook URL with localhost, an internal hostname, or the wrong port, the usual problem is a mismatch between the address n8n constructs and the public address your reverse proxy exposes. Set n8n’s public webhook base URL, configure the real number of proxy hops, and preserve the forwarded request headers. Then check that you are using the test or production URL in the right workflow state.
Why the webhook URL is wrong behind a reverse proxy
By default, n8n builds webhook URLs from N8N_PROTOCOL, N8N_HOST, and N8N_PORT. Those settings can describe the address n8n uses inside your server or container network, not the address an external service can reach.
For example, n8n might listen internally on port 5678, while your reverse proxy accepts public HTTPS traffic on port 443. If n8n advertises its internal host or port, a third-party service may try to call an unreachable address. The URL shown in the editor is a useful first clue: compare its scheme, hostname, port, and any path prefix with the URL that is actually reachable from outside.
Set the public webhook URL and proxy-hop count
Configure N8N_WEBHOOK_URL with the public-facing base URL. n8n uses it to display webhook URLs in the editor so external services can register the correct address. Its official example is:
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N8N_WEBHOOK_URL=https://n8n.example.com/
N8N_PROXY_HOPS=1Replace the example URL with your actual public base URL, including the correct scheme and any required path prefix. Set N8N_PROXY_HOPS to the number of reverse proxies between the client and n8n. The value 1 is appropriate only for a one-proxy path; do not copy it unchanged if requests pass through multiple proxies. See n8n’s reverse-proxy webhook URL configuration and deployment environment variables.
The variable name is version-sensitive. Current n8n documentation identifies N8N_WEBHOOK_URL as the current setting and says the older WEBHOOK_URL name is deprecated starting with n8n 2.35.0. The old alias still works but produces a startup deprecation warning. If an older guide recommends it, check your deployed n8n version and startup logs.
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Make sure the final proxy forwards the request details
The last reverse proxy in the request path should forward these headers to n8n:
X-Forwarded-ForX-Forwarded-HostX-Forwarded-Proto
They convey the original client address, public hostname, and request protocol across the proxy boundary. Check that the final proxy passes them to n8n; the exact directives depend on your proxy product and topology. n8n’s reverse-proxy documentation describes these header requirements.
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Check whether you are using the test or production webhook
A correct public URL can still appear not to work if the caller is using the wrong webhook endpoint for the workflow’s current state. n8n treats test and production webhooks differently:
| Webhook URL | When n8n registers it | When to use it |
|---|---|---|
| Test URL | While listening for a test event or executing an inactive workflow | During a test run |
| Production URL | When the workflow is published | For the published workflow |
Compare the exact URL your caller is hitting with the corresponding URL shown in the webhook node. n8n’s Webhook node documentation explains the test and production URL behavior.
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Troubleshoot in this order
- Compare the displayed and public URLs. In the webhook node, inspect the URL n8n displays. Compare its scheme, hostname, port, and path prefix with the externally reachable address. If it contains an internal host or port, set
N8N_WEBHOOK_URLto the public base URL. - Count the proxy hops. Count every reverse proxy between the external caller and n8n, then set
N8N_PROXY_HOPSto that number. - Check the forwarded headers. Confirm that the final proxy passes
X-Forwarded-For,X-Forwarded-Host, andX-Forwarded-Prototo n8n. - Match the endpoint to workflow state. Use the test URL while listening for a test event or executing an inactive workflow; use the production URL after publishing the workflow.
- Collect details before changing proxy-specific settings. If the URL is correct but calls still fail, note the exact n8n version, proxy product and configuration, public URL, hop count, HTTP status, and relevant logs.
Why generic proxy instructions may not fit your setup
Proxy directives vary with the proxy product and routing topology. A deployment may also place more than one proxy between the caller and n8n or use a path prefix. The general requirements are the public webhook base URL, an accurate hop count, and the specified forwarded headers; they do not determine the exact Nginx, Traefik, Caddy, or load-balancer configuration for every installation. Use the documentation for your proxy and topology rather than applying a product-specific snippet without confirming it matches your request path.
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