For a typical ESP32 project that detects room occupancy or a person who is sitting still, the HLK-LD2410C is a sensible starting point. It provides UART and GPIO interfaces suited to ESP32 integration and is specified for presence sensing. Choose a different sensor if you need target-position tracking or breathing and heartbeat measurements: those are distinct tasks, and the available modules are not interchangeable.
Choose by what your ESP32 needs to detect
| Project goal | Sensor path | What published documentation supports | Important qualification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Room occupancy or still-person presence | HLK-LD2410C | 24 GHz FMCW radar, UART and GPIO, 5 V supply, 3.3 V logic, stated maximum sensing distance of 5 m, ±60° detection angle, and 0.75 m distance gates. | These specifications come from LD2410.com, not a manufacturer datasheet. Check the exact revision and pinout before wiring. |
| Breathing/heartbeat measurement and static presence | Seeed MR60BHA2 with XIAO ESP32C6 | Seeed lists breathing/heartbeat detection to 1.5 m and static presence to 6 m. | This is a specialized kit, not a replacement for position tracking. Seeed recommends vital-sign sensing for sleep scenarios. |
| Target position or multi-target tracking | HLK-LD2450 | A secondary reference describes UART-based ESP32 integration and target tracking. | Primary manufacturer specifications and exact performance limits were not established in the available references. Verify official documentation and supported firmware before committing to a design. |
| Breathing/heartbeat sensing with a bare UART radar module | Seeed MR60BHA1 | Seeed’s datasheet lists nominal 60 GHz operation, UART, 4.6–6 V operation, and a 0.4–2 m thoracic detection distance. | The datasheet’s stated accuracy values are manufacturer specifications, not independent test results. Allow for the stated 150 mA operating current. |
Why the LD2410C is a practical first choice for presence sensing
The LD2410C is the clearest general-purpose option in these documented paths when the goal is to tell whether a person is present, including when they are not moving much. Its UART can connect to an ESP32 UART peripheral, and its stated 3.3 V logic is relevant to ESP32 interfacing. The comparison page lists a 5 V supply, about 80 mA average draw, 5 m maximum sensing distance, ±60° detection angle, and 0.75 m distance gates. Treat these as published figures, not guaranteed results in a particular room or installation. LD2410.com’s LD2410 reference; Espressif’s ESP32 UART documentation.
Distance gates divide the sensing range into distance intervals; they are not a two-dimensional coordinate map. If your project needs target coordinates or tracking, the LD2410C’s presence-oriented specifications do not establish that capability. The LD2450 may be worth investigating for that use, but confirm its official specifications, protocol, and firmware support before buying or designing around it. LD2450 reference.
When breathing and heartbeat sensing matters
MR60BHA2 kit with XIAO ESP32C6
Seeed’s MR60BHA2 path is aimed at projects that explicitly call for breathing and heartbeat sensing. The vendor lists those measurements to 1.5 m and static presence to 6 m. Its guide recommends the respiratory and heart-rate functions for sleep scenarios and cautions that seated desk use or exercise can significantly reduce accuracy. These are vendor use instructions, not evidence of medical-grade performance. The kit setup specifies a 5 V/1 A input and provides Arduino library examples for the XIAO ESP32C6. Seeed also warns that modifying firmware can brick the radar. Seeed’s MR60BHA2 setup guide.
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MR60BHA1 UART module
The MR60BHA1 is a separate route for projects using a bare UART radar module. Seeed’s datasheet specifies 60 GHz nominal operating frequency, 4.6–6 V input, 150 mA operating current, and 0.4–2 m thoracic detection distance. It also states 90% respiratory measurement accuracy and 85% heartbeat measurement accuracy; those are manufacturer claims, not independent measurements or a promise of performance for a particular person or environment. Seeed’s MR60BHA1 datasheet.
Seeed’s guide identifies GP2 as the occupied/unoccupied status output and GP1 as the active/stationary status output. It says the MR60BHA1 is intended for one living object; multiple people or animals in range can affect monitoring results. Seeed’s MR60BHA1 guide.
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Check the exact module and wiring before power-up
- Confirm the suffix and board pinout. The LD2410 original and B versions use the pin order OUT, TX, RX, GND, VCC. The C version starts TX, RX, OUT, GND, VCC. Do not rely on a family name or a pinout image for a different revision. LD2410.com’s LD2410 reference.
- Verify supply and logic voltage from the purchased board’s documentation. The LD2410C comparison page lists 5 V supply and 3.3 V UART/GPIO logic, but do not assume every similarly named board has identical electrical requirements.
- For UART, share ground and cross the data lines. Connect sensor TX to ESP32 RX and, when bidirectional configuration is needed, sensor RX to ESP32 TX. Confirm which UART pins your exact ESP32 board exposes; board pin mappings vary. Espressif UART documentation; Seeed’s MR60BHA1 guide.
- Budget power for the selected sensor. The MR60BHA1 datasheet states a 150 mA operating current and 4.6–6 V input. The MR60BHA2 kit setup lists a 5 V/1 A input. Use the requirements for the actual module rather than extrapolating from another sensor.
- Check installation and tuning. Mounting direction, surroundings, firmware, and tuning can affect detection. The cited published figures do not establish results for every room, enclosure, mounting angle, or subject.
How to make the final choice
- Choose the HLK-LD2410C for a straightforward ESP32 occupancy or stationary-person presence project, after confirming revision-specific wiring.
- Choose the MR60BHA2 with XIAO ESP32C6 when the project specifically needs the vendor’s sleep-oriented breathing/heartbeat functions and kit integration.
- Consider the MR60BHA1 when a bare UART module and its stated thoracic sensing range suit the design; size the supply for its specified current.
- Investigate the LD2450 for tracking, but do not rely on exact target counts, coordinates, voltage, or protocol without confirming primary documentation.
No controlled comparative test establishes a universal best sensor here. Published range and accuracy figures are not a guarantee for an individual build, and no sensor in this comparison has been independently evaluated under matched conditions.
Quick Recap
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