Check /etc/X11/xorg.conf first, but it may not exist. Xorg can also read configuration fragments from xorg.conf.d directories, and it can start using runtime autoconfiguration without either a standalone file or fragments. The exact paths depend on the installed Xorg build and how it is started.
Common locations for Xorg configuration
Debian’s current Xorg(1) manual lists these common file and fragment locations:
/etc/X11/xorg.conf— a common first place to check./etc/xorg.conf/usr/etc/xorg.conf/usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d— a directory for configuration fragments./etc/xorg.conf.d/usr/etc/xorg.conf.d/usr/lib/X11/xorg.conf.d
These paths are documented by Debian; they are not a promise that every Linux distribution or BSD system uses all of them. Check the manual and vendor documentation for the Xorg installation on your system.
Why you may not find a single xorg.conf file
Configuration fragments can replace a standalone file
Xorg can read files ending in .conf from an xorg.conf.d directory. These fragments let configuration be split into separate files rather than stored in one xorg.conf. The X.Org X11R7.7 release notes note that many users may not need a configuration file or may rely on these snippets.
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Xorg can configure itself at runtime
When no xorg.conf or xorg.conf.d files are present, Debian’s current Xorg manual says Xorg generates a built-in configuration at runtime. That means a missing file, by itself, does not show that Xorg is broken.
How to check the configuration used on your system
- Check the common file paths. Look for
/etc/X11/xorg.confand/etc/xorg.conf. - Inspect fragment directories. Check the applicable
xorg.conf.dlocations, especially/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d. The manual for your installed Xorg can identify other paths. - Read the local manual. Use
man xorg.conffor the configuration-file rules andman Xorgfor the server’s search behavior, if these manual pages are installed. - Check how Xorg was started. Its search behavior can vary with whether it runs as root, the
-configor-configdiroptions, theXORGCONFIGenvironment variable, and the vendor build. The Debian manual documents Debian’s paths and options; do not assume its detailed lookup order applies to every Unix-like system.
If an error says Xorg cannot open its configuration
Do not assume the file must be at one particular path. The X.Org FAQ on error messages lists a missing or incorrectly located file and file-read permissions among possible causes; a syntax error in the configuration can also prevent startup. Compare the error with the actual file location, permissions, and configuration syntax, and consult your installed documentation or OS vendor’s guidance.
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Generating a configuration file when one is needed
X.Org describes X -configure as a way to generate a starter configuration. It writes xorg.conf.new to the home directory of the user who runs the server—often /root when run as root. Follow your distribution or vendor’s instructions for its Xorg build before using this command.
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