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Windows startup programs can be registered in per-user or machine-wide registry keys, profile Startup locations, and other auto-start mechanisms. The four documented Run and RunOnce keys are useful places to check, but they are not a complete inventory. For a broader view, Microsoft Sysinternals Autoruns lists startup folders, registry entries, services, and other auto-start categories.

Windows Run and RunOnce registry locations

Microsoft documents four registry keys for programs that run at sign-in. The hive indicates the scope: HKEY_CURRENT_USER applies to the current user, while HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE is machine-wide.

Registry key Scope Behavior
HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun Current user Runs the registered program each time that user logs on.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRun Machine-wide Runs the registered program when a user logs on.
HKEY_CURRENT_USERSoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunOnce Current user Runs a registered program once, then deletes the entry.
HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESoftwareMicrosoftWindowsCurrentVersionRunOnce Machine-wide Runs a registered program once, then deletes the entry.

These behaviors are documented in Microsoft’s Run and RunOnce Registry Keys reference. RunOnce is intended for transient tasks, such as completing application setup, rather than for repeatedly recreated startup entries.

What to expect when programs launch

  • Startup is not necessarily immediate. Windows may defer Run and Startup-group programs to reduce interference with the foreground experience. Microsoft says it does not guarantee how promptly Run entries execute.
  • Order is not guaranteed. If multiple programs are registered under the same key, their execution order is indeterminate.
  • There is a documented command-length limit. Microsoft specifies a maximum command-line length of 260 characters for Run and RunOnce value data.

These are important distinctions when diagnosing a program that starts late or appears to run in an unexpected order; the registry location alone does not establish precise launch timing.

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How RunOnce deletion and Safe Mode behavior work

RunOnce entries are ordinarily removed after their command runs. Microsoft’s driver-install guidance documents two name prefixes that alter this behavior:

  • Exclamation point (!): delays deletion until the command has successfully run.
  • Asterisk (*): forces the entry to run in Safe Mode, where RunOnce entries are otherwise ignored.

See Microsoft’s RunOnce Registry Key documentation for those prefix rules.

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Startup programs can be stored beyond these keys

The registry keys are only part of the picture. Microsoft’s Win32_StartupCommand reference describes startup commands from registry entries as well as per-user and all-users Startup profile locations. Its example paths use legacy wording, so they should not be treated as verified literal paths for a current Windows release.

The WMI class can enumerate startup programs. Microsoft notes that use of the local registry provider in the described scenario requires the calling process to have SE_RESTORE_NAME privilege. The reference establishes that startup configuration can reside in profile locations as well as the registry; it does not provide a reliable current Windows 11 path map for Startup folders.

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How to inspect a broader set of auto-start entries

For a wider inventory than the four registry keys, Microsoft Sysinternals Autoruns covers Startup folder entries, Run and RunOnce, other registry keys, Explorer add-ons, Winlogon notifications, auto-start services, and additional categories. It can inspect auto-start images configured for other accounts. Microsoft also provides Autorunsc, a command-line equivalent that can output CSV.

The official Autoruns page identifies version 14.3 and was published June 17, 2026. Microsoft describes Autoruns as having the most comprehensive knowledge of auto-starting locations of any startup monitor; that is the vendor’s description, not an independent comparison.

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Inspect entries carefully before changing them

A location tells you how an item is configured, not whether it is safe or necessary. Do not delete or disable an entry solely because it appears in a Run key or another auto-start category. Identify the program and its purpose before making changes, particularly for machine-wide entries or services. The cited Microsoft references explain where startup configuration can be found and how it behaves; they do not assess the safety of individual entries.

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