WCAG 2.2 adds nine success criteria to WCAG 2.1 and removes the Parsing criterion; it is an incremental update, not a wholesale rewrite. The additions address focus visibility, pointer interaction and target size, consistent help, repeated data entry, and authentication. They span Levels A, AA, and AAA, so not every new requirement is an AA requirement. WCAG 2.2 became a W3C Recommendation on 5 October 2023. W3C’s WCAG 2.2 overview and the normative Recommendation provide the authoritative details.
What changed from WCAG 2.1 to 2.2?
WCAG 2.2 carries forward the prior guidelines while adding nine success criteria and removing 4.1.1 Parsing. The new criteria focus on barriers that can appear in everyday interactive flows: navigating by keyboard, operating controls with a pointer, finding help, completing multi-step forms, and signing in. The exact requirements and exceptions are in the Recommendation; the summaries below are orientation, not substitutes for its normative text.
| Success criterion | Level | What it addresses |
|---|---|---|
| 2.4.11 Focus Not Obscured (Minimum) | AA | When an item receives keyboard focus, some part of it remains visible. |
| 2.4.12 Focus Not Obscured (Enhanced) | AAA | When an item receives keyboard focus, it is fully visible. |
| 2.4.13 Focus Appearance | AAA | Visible focus indicators meet specified minimum area and contrast requirements, subject to the criterion’s exceptions. |
| 2.5.7 Dragging Movements | AA | Functionality operated by dragging also works with a single pointer without dragging, unless an exception applies. |
| 2.5.8 Target Size (Minimum) | AA | Pointer targets generally meet the 24 by 24 CSS-pixel baseline, subject to specified exceptions. |
| 3.2.6 Consistent Help | A | Recurring help mechanisms are presented consistently, subject to the criterion’s conditions. |
| 3.3.7 Redundant Entry | A | Information already entered in a process is auto-populated or available for selection, unless an exception applies. |
| 3.3.8 Accessible Authentication (Minimum) | AA | Authentication does not require a cognitive function test unless an exception applies; password managers and copy/paste are relevant considerations. |
| 3.3.9 Accessible Authentication (Enhanced) | AAA | The enhanced authentication criterion has narrower exceptions than the minimum criterion. |
Levels matter: A, AA, and AAA are distinct conformance levels. Do not treat all nine additions as AA requirements or assume a criterion applies without checking its scope and exceptions in the WCAG 2.2 Recommendation.
What happened to Parsing?
Criterion 4.1.1 Parsing was removed in WCAG 2.2. Its removal does not mean the rest of WCAG was replaced: the change log and current criterion text in the Recommendation explain the update. Organizations should check which version their applicable policy or obligation names rather than infer a legal requirement from a newer publication alone.
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How to review the new criteria in real user flows
Review complete tasks and states, not just a static page or an automated score. Include menus, overlays, errors, responsive layouts, and authentication or recovery steps where those are part of the product.
1. Keyboard focus: visibility and appearance
- Navigate interactive controls using a keyboard and observe focus as it moves through the task.
- Check the AA Focus Not Obscured (Minimum) criterion separately: some part of each focused item must remain visible. Look for sticky headers, dialogs, or other author-created content that covers it.
- For AAA reviews, assess Focus Not Obscured (Enhanced) separately; the focused item must be fully visible.
- Also for AAA, evaluate Focus Appearance against its area and contrast requirements and exceptions. A focus indicator merely being present does not settle this criterion.
2. Pointer actions that require dragging
List author-controlled features operated by dragging, such as sorting or repositioning. Test whether each can also be completed with a single pointer without dragging, for example with buttons or a click/tap alternative. The requirement has exceptions, including when dragging is essential or the functionality is determined by the user agent and not modified by the author. W3C gives clicking or tapping a range-slider track as an example of a non-dragging alternative. See Understanding Success Criterion 2.5.7.
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3. Pointer target size and spacing
Inspect target dimensions in CSS pixels and check the spacing and other exceptions specified by 2.5.8. Its baseline is 24 by 24 CSS pixels, not a universal minimum that applies without qualification. Consult the exact criterion and its exceptions rather than marking every smaller target as a failure automatically. The W3C overview summarizes the baseline and exceptions.
4. Help and repeated entry in multi-step processes
- For recurring help mechanisms, compare their presentation across pages and states to determine whether they are consistent under 3.2.6’s conditions.
- Follow multi-step tasks and note when a person is asked to provide information they already supplied during that process. Check whether it can be auto-populated or selected, and whether an exception applies under 3.3.7.
5. Authentication and recovery
Exercise the full sign-in and account-recovery flow, not only the initial password field. Identify cognitive function tests and verify how password managers and copy/paste work in the supported process. Evaluate 3.3.8 at AA and 3.3.9 at AAA independently; the enhanced criterion has narrower exceptions. Use the Recommendation’s exact language to judge a particular authentication design.
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6. Combine evaluation methods
W3C explains that testing success criteria involves both automated testing and human evaluation. Automation can help identify some issues, but a score or scan alone does not establish conformance. Functional testing asks whether content meets the criteria; usability testing is additional evidence about how well people can use it for its intended purpose. W3C recommends involving people with disabilities when conducting usability testing. See Understanding Conformance and Introduction to Understanding WCAG 2.2.
Success criteria are normative; techniques are guidance
The success criteria in the WCAG 2.2 Recommendation are the requirements. W3C’s techniques provide informative examples—such as sufficient approaches, advisory guidance, and failures—but they are not the only ways to meet a criterion. W3C states, “Techniques are informative — that means they are not required.” Use a technique to understand or implement a possible approach, then assess the result against the criterion itself. See Understanding Techniques for WCAG 2.2 Success Criteria.
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Standards guidance, not a substitute for your applicable policy
WCAG 2.2 is a W3C Recommendation, but organizations may be governed by policies or obligations that specify a particular WCAG version. Check the version and conformance level applicable to your work, then use the W3C Recommendation’s current normative text, including its exceptions, to assess the relevant content.
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