Start your organization’s incident-response process, contain the suspected system in coordination with responders, and preserve evidence before cleanup. Then investigate the scope of access and use the current Atlassian advisory for your exact product and version to choose a patch or mitigation. A patch fixes a vulnerability; it does not establish whether an attacker already accessed the system.
1. Activate incident response and contain the system
Contact your security lead or incident-response team and follow your organization’s incident-management process. If compromise is confirmed or there is strong evidence of it, coordinate isolation of the affected host or service from the network or internet. Atlassian’s Data Center Security Checklist and Best Practices says to isolate a compromised instance; Atlassian Support gives similar shutdown-and-disconnect guidance in its FAQ for compromised Confluence Server or Data Center.
Do not apply a universal shutdown command without considering how the instance is deployed. Clustering, shared identity services, dependent applications, and evidence-collection needs can affect the safest containment method. Have responders coordinate any isolation or shutdown that could affect connected systems.
2. Preserve evidence before cleanup
Secure relevant logs and data before routine rotation, deletion, or cleanup makes them unavailable. Coordinate forensic collection and chain-of-custody procedures with the response team rather than altering the system to investigate it informally.
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- Collect relevant Jira or Confluence application logs and web-server access logs.
- Preserve available network, identity-provider, and security logs that could help establish access and activity.
- Record what was collected, when, and by whom, following your organization’s evidence-handling process.
For its Confluence CVE-2023-22515 response guidance, Atlassian Support specifically requests web-server access logs, including the attacker’s IP address, when seeking support. That request is incident-specific, but it illustrates why access logs should be protected.
3. Work with responders to scope access and persistence
Determine what the suspected attacker could reach, whether access persists, and which connected systems may also be affected. The checks below are investigation areas, not proof that an instance is clean if no suspicious item is found.
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- Accounts and privileges: Review unexpected users, administrator-group membership, privilege changes, and authentication events.
- Application changes: Check for unknown or unexpected plugins and apps, as well as changes to application files.
- Access and data: Examine relevant access logs and assess which Jira issues, Confluence pages, and connected services may have been accessed.
- Shared environments: Review other systems that share users, infrastructure, or reused credentials with the affected deployment.
- Secrets: Assess whether credentials or other secrets may have been exposed in configuration, logs, or related systems. Rotate them according to the response plan.
Use vulnerability-specific indicators carefully
Atlassian’s October 2023 advisory for CVE-2023-22515 described possible indicators including unexpected Confluence administrator-group members, unexpected new users, unknown plugins, requests to /setup/*.action in network logs, and a particular setup-administrator message in atlassian-confluence-security.log. Atlassian rated that vulnerability CVSS 10. These indicators are tied to CVE-2023-22515; they are not a complete forensic checklist for other vulnerabilities or attack paths.
4. Match the fix to the exact product and version
Record whether the deployment is Jira Software, Jira Service Management, or Confluence, whether it is Server or Data Center, and its exact version. Then check Atlassian’s current security advisory for that product and version. Follow that advisory’s specific fixed-version or temporary-mitigation instructions; do not transfer instructions from one CVE or deployment type to another.
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Example: Atlassian’s October 5, 2026 CVE-2026-21589 advisory
The advisory identifies CVE-2026-21589 as an arbitrary file access vulnerability affecting listed Data Center products, including Confluence Data Center, Jira Software Data Center, and Jira Service Management Data Center. It says all versions of those listed products are affected, provides product-specific fixed versions, and advises restricting public network access if immediate patching is not possible. It also recommends checking access logs for evidence of exploitation. Consult the live advisory for the actual version and mitigation instructions; the affected-product statement here does not establish applicability to Server.
Atlassian rated CVE-2026-21589 CVSS 9.3 using its internal severity assessment and provided a CVSS 4.0 vector. The advisory says affected Cloud products were patched and that Atlassian’s investigation had found no evidence of exploitation; that Cloud statement does not mean self-managed Data Center instances are patched or uncompromised.
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5. Decide on recovery with the response team
Do not treat patching as evidence that an earlier intrusion has been investigated or eradicated. Patching addresses the vulnerability; incident response must separately establish whether access occurred, what data or credentials may have been exposed, and whether the system’s integrity can be trusted.
If responders determine that integrity cannot be trusted, their recovery plan may call for restoring from a known-good backup or rebuilding the system. Validate backup integrity and recovery procedures before relying on them. A restored backup does not, by itself, close the intrusion path or remove exposed credentials and malicious changes.
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Atlassian recommends database-native backups for Data Center. It notes that XML database backups can be inconsistent if the database changes during backup, while Confluence’s built-in backup and restore can be limited on large instances by available memory and CPU. Choose and validate a recovery method appropriate to the deployment.
6. Communicate and document the response
Keep internal stakeholders informed about incident status and actions they need to take. If customer data may have been affected, coordinate external communications with your legal, privacy, and incident-response functions.
After recovery, document the root cause, review what worked and what did not, update the response plan, and schedule security checks. Atlassian’s Data Center recovery checklist also recommends assessing affected data and services, restoring or rebuilding as appropriate, strengthening controls, and communicating with stakeholders.
How Server support status affects the response
Atlassian says support for most Server products ended on February 15, 2024, with Fisheye and Crucible as exceptions. This lifecycle status is separate from the scope of any particular advisory: applicability and available fixes depend on the precise product and deployment. Confirm both against Atlassian’s current guidance rather than assuming a Data Center fix applies to Server.
Reduce the chance of another incident after recovery
Prevention controls can lower future exposure, but they do not replace investigation of a suspected compromise. Atlassian’s Data Center checklist recommends keeping products and dependencies current, maintaining tested backups, reviewing access controls, limiting administrator access, using identity-provider integration for single sign-on and multifactor authentication, protecting logs, and subscribing to security advisory alerts.
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