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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchChoose laboratory automation for the specific protocol, samples, and hazards your laboratory handles—not by throughput claims or a generic equipment checklist. Map the workflow, involve biosafety professionals before selecting hardware, assess containment and facility fit, then pilot and validate the automated method before routine use. No single platform or biosafety level is appropriate for every infectious disease workflow.
Start with the protocol and a risk assessment
Automation decisions should follow the work. The CDC and NIH’s Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories (BMBL), sixth edition, describes protocol-driven risk assessment as its core principle. CDC says the BMBL is advisory guidance, not a regulation; its landing page was updated and reviewed March 18, 2026. The WHO Laboratory Biosafety Manual, fourth edition, and WHO laboratory biosecurity guidance provide complementary risk-based frameworks. Apply the requirements of your jurisdiction and institution as well.
Map the workflow before comparing instruments
Write down each step from sample receipt through the downstream result. Include sample types and volumes, whether containers are open or closed, transfers and mixing, incubation, extraction or preparation, assay readout, operator interventions, and waste generation. Record typical and peak batch sizes, turnaround needs, labware formats, acceptable variability, and where results and run records must go.
This map identifies which steps could be automated, which would remain manual, and where handoffs may create practical or safety concerns. It also gives vendors and integrators a concrete workflow to assess rather than asking them to recommend a system based on a broad description of the research.
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Assess hazards with the right people
Have the responsible biosafety professionals and institutional committees assess the agents, procedures, and facility—not just the equipment. Consider steps that could create aerosols, droplets, spills, or splashes, as well as contaminated labware and waste. The appropriate containment and operating conditions depend on the actual work and local requirements; a product description or another institution’s setup cannot establish suitability for your laboratory.
Compare systems against the whole workflow
Use a requirements matrix to compare proposed systems on the same criteria. Ask for details about the specific configuration and method: a feature listed for a platform does not establish that it is available, compatible, or validated for your workflow.
| What to assess | Questions to resolve |
|---|---|
| Workflow coverage | Which exact operations are automated? Which transfers, interventions, or other handoffs remain manual? |
| Capacity and formats | Are the sample volumes, tubes or plates, batch sizes, and scheduling supported? Can the system meet both typical and peak needs? |
| Instrument and software compatibility | Can it work with the required readers, incubators, centrifuges, barcode systems, and other instruments? How are methods scheduled and errors handled? |
| Containment and facility fit | Do enclosure dimensions accommodate the robot’s full movement and service access? What airflow, exhaust, utility connections, cleaning, and waste arrangements are required? |
| Method performance | How will accuracy, precision, repeatability, carryover, and contamination controls be assessed for this assay? What acceptance criteria will the laboratory use? |
| Data and traceability | How are sample identity, run records, exceptions, and results captured? Can data transfer to the laboratory information management system (LIMS) or other required destination? |
| Implementation and ownership | Who will program, validate, train, and support the system? What are the service response, maintenance, consumables, downtime, and lifecycle-cost implications? |
Institutional facilities illustrate how broad the range can be. The Broad Institute Automation Laboratory describes work from reagent handling to high-throughput assay preparation, using 96-, 384-, and 1536-well formats, varied assay readouts, and LIMS-based data storage. These are examples of capabilities, not measured outcomes or requirements for every infectious disease laboratory.
Treat containment as part of the installed system
Automation can reduce some exposures, but it does not eliminate exposure potential. CDC’s Guidelines for Safe Work Practices in Human and Animal Medical Diagnostic Laboratories note that moving probes on automated analyzers can generate aerosols or droplets. Depending on the risk assessment and system, shields or other containment devices, closed covers, manufacturer operating instructions, careful cleaning, and appropriate waste handling may all be relevant.
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Evaluate the complete installation, not just the robot’s footprint. Robot travel, airflow, enclosure access, maintenance clearances, utilities, exhaust, decontamination, and waste routes can affect whether a proposed configuration fits the room and the work. Ask who is responsible for enclosure design, installation, and any required certification, and what evidence supports the proposed setup for your specific configuration.
CDC’s guidance for handling and processing monkeypox specimens gives a pathogen-specific example in which automated platforms can warrant additional precautions. That example should not be applied as a universal instruction for unrelated agents or protocols; use the risk assessment for the actual specimens and procedures.
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Pilot and validate the method before routine operation
A manually successful assay does not automatically transfer unchanged to a robot. Set method-specific acceptance criteria before routine operation, then test representative samples and document the adapted workflow.
- Define requirements and interfaces. Confirm the workflow, capacity, labware, data destination, and instrument connections the system must support.
- Adapt and program the method. Translate the bench protocol into robot operations, then logically test the programmed steps and planned handoffs.
- Run representative pilots. Use samples and conditions that reflect the intended workflow; identify problems and fine-tune the method.
- Verify and validate against criteria. Evaluate the performance characteristics relevant to the assay and intended use, using acceptance criteria established by the laboratory.
- Document and hand over. Record the approved method and operating expectations, and train the people who will run and support it.
This staged approach is reflected in the ETH Zurich Laboratory Automation Facility description of workflow adaptation, programming, pilot experiments, validation, documentation, and handover. Beckman Coulter’s integration process likewise describes workflow analysis and requirements followed by system design and verification and validation testing. These examples describe processes; the laboratory must define criteria appropriate to its own method.
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Use examples to ask better questions—not to copy a configuration
Coordinated plate-based workflows
ETH Zurich describes a dedicated enclosed BSL-2 system combining a liquid handler, plate reader, plate sealer, centrifuge, and controlled incubator, with scheduling software. It is an institutional example, not evidence that the same setup or biosafety designation is right for another laboratory. The page also describes automated PCR-plate workflows; check a plate’s compatibility with the specific robot, protocol, and instruments rather than treating a consumable format as a system recommendation.
Enclosure engineering
NuAire describes a customized Class II, Type A2 cabinet for a Hamilton STAR liquid handler, with dimensions and airflow adapted to the robot. Baker describes its AeroPROTECT 360° line as containment enclosures for automation and states that its exhaust is HEPA-filtered and its product is aerosol tested to its stated criteria. These are vendor descriptions, not independent confirmation that either product is suitable for a particular agent, procedure, or facility. Verify the configuration, supporting evidence, and installation requirements during procurement.
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