Acceptance starts the implementation process; it does not guarantee that every observation will be carried out. The team must submit detailed Phase II plans, pass technical checks, and wait for scheduling. Once observations are completed and archived, investigators retrieve the data through MAST, subject to any exclusive-access period, and handle scientific analysis beyond standard pipeline calibration.
What acceptance means
For both the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) and Hubble Space Telescope (HST), an accepted proposal still has to become an executable observing program. The Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) checks the plans, resolves implementation details, and schedules feasible observations. Technical issues, instrument availability, guide-star limits, and scheduling constraints can prevent some observations from happening.
JWST guidance states that accepted observations can prove impossible to execute, and HST guidance likewise says there is no guarantee that accepted observations will be obtained. The award is therefore an allocation of observing time subject to implementation and scheduling—not a promise of completed data.
What the team must do next
JWST: complete implementation and validation
After approval, JWST programs are checked for consistency with the time allocation and for potential duplication. Program validation and construction of the Long Range Plan help determine how the observations can be implemented. Operationally complex observations may receive additional review. The current JWST Cycle 6 implementation guidance describes the requirements and process.
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Use the accepted program’s instructions and cycle deadlines to complete any required implementation work. Requirements depend on the program and current cycle, so the acceptance notice and applicable cycle documentation are the authority for a particular award.
Hubble: submit complete Phase II details by the deadline
Successful HST General Observer (GO) teams submit Phase II information with complete observing details and accurate target coordinates. For HST Cycle 34, missing the Phase II submission deadline results in loss of the time allocation. A Program Coordinator helps ensure the submission is syntactically correct and schedulable.
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Some programs also receive a Contact Scientist: this includes Large, Treasury, Director’s Discretionary, Target of Opportunity, moving-target, WFC3, coronagraphy, complex-strategy, and certain bright-object-check programs. Other teams may request one. See the HST Cycle 34 implementation guidance for cycle-specific requirements and support details.
How feasibility review and scheduling work
Technical review and duplication checks
STScI reviews the detailed plans for technical feasibility and checks for duplication. For HST, feasibility review takes place during Phase II. A plan that cannot be executed as proposed may need changes or may not proceed; instrument or observing-mode availability can also affect implementation.
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Scheduling is optimized for the observatory
For JWST, the primary scheduling aim is overall observatory efficiency. Priority scheduling may be available when a clear scientific case supports a particular time window, but STScI generally will not advance or postpone an individual program without compelling scientific arguments. HST scheduling also aims to use the observatory efficiently and allows flexibility within timing constraints.
For HST GO programs under nominal operations, the target is completion within N+2 cycles, where N is the number of cycles requested in Phase I. A team may request one scientifically justified one-year extension. This is a planning target, not a guarantee that every observation will be completed on a particular date.
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Why an observation might not happen
- Technical feasibility: a problem discovered during implementation can make a planned observation infeasible.
- Availability and pointing: unavailable modes or instruments, guide-star limitations, or JWST micrometeoroid-avoidance-zone scheduling constraints can interfere with execution.
- Scheduling conflicts: long consecutive-orbit HST blocks and time-critical or Target of Opportunity requirements can make scheduling difficult.
- Program type: JWST Survey and Pure Parallel programs are specifically not guaranteed to be scheduled.
- Operational events: anomalies or other observatory constraints can delay, interrupt, or prevent observations.
When the data arrive and who can access them
After observations are completed and archived, investigators retrieve data through the Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes (MAST). Access restrictions depend on mission, cycle, program type, and proposal terms; the current-cycle rules below are not permanent defaults.
| Mission and current cycle | Exclusive-access rule | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| JWST Cycle 6 | Very Small, Small, and Medium GO and Survey programs normally receive 12 months of exclusive access after archival. For programs with multiple visits, the period runs separately after each visit. Large, Treasury, and Calibration GO programs normally have no exclusive-access period. | Confirm the program category and award terms in the JWST Cycle 6 documentation; data become public through MAST when an applicable period ends. |
| HST Cycle 34 | The usual exclusive-access period is six months after observations are taken, but it depends on program type and the individual proposal. | Authorized investigators use STScI single sign-on to retrieve restricted data. HST data products are available through the HST Data Archive/MAST. |
Once the data are available, STScI provides standard pipeline calibration. The observing team is responsible for additional processing and scientific analysis; STScI’s help with archived-data reduction and analysis is limited.
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What to do if an observation fails or is seriously degraded
Check the data quality promptly and follow the mission’s reporting procedure. Both the cited JWST and HST guidance set a 90-day window after the observation for requesting a repeat or reporting a problem. A review does not mean a repeat is automatic: the decision depends on the circumstances, including the cause of the failure.
JWST repeat requests
For JWST, the Telescope Time Review Board reviews repeat requests. The Cycle 6 guidance reports that in Cycle 4 (July 2025–June 2026), 3.2% of observations failed and 1.1% were skipped, according to STScI in 2026. Many failures involved guide-star acquisition or Fine Guidance Sensor and Attitude Control Subsystem anomalies; such failures are usually rescheduled as repeats. Proposer errors, such as incorrect coordinates, are not normally grounds for a repeat.
HST problem reports
HST teams should report failed or seriously degraded data within 90 days of the observation. The repeat decision depends on the circumstances; some failures beyond the observer’s control can usually be rescheduled. Refer to the HST Cycle 34 implementation guidance for the applicable reporting instructions.
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