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Singapore haze is often smoke from forest and land fires elsewhere in the region, carried here by prevailing winds during dry conditions. Fine particles called PM2.5 are the main air-quality concern. To make practical decisions, use NEA’s 1-hour PM2.5 readings for immediate outdoor activity and its 24-hour PSI forecast for planning, alongside the health advice for your group.
What causes haze in Singapore?
Haze in Singapore can result when smoke from regional forest and land fires travels across borders. Dry conditions can help fires and smoke persist, while wind direction affects whether plumes reach the island. The source areas therefore vary from one haze episode to another; it is not accurate to attribute every event to one location.
For example, during September 2026, the National Environment Agency (NEA) reported smoke plumes from southern Sumatra and Kalimantan drifting towards Singapore amid dry weather and southerly or southeasterly winds. These were conditions reported for that episode, not a forecast of where future haze will originate. NEA and Singapore’s Meteorological Service host the ASEAN Specialised Meteorological Centre (ASMC), a regional collaboration that monitors forest fires and transboundary smoke haze. NEA: Managing Haze · NEA: 5 September 2026 update · NEA: 10 September 2026 update
NEA’s State of the Environment report identifies 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016 and 2019 as years when transboundary haze affected Singapore’s air quality. It also records that PM2.5 became part of the PSI computation in 2014. NEA State of the Environment report
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What is PM2.5, and how does haze affect air quality?
PM2.5 refers to fine particulate matter 2.5 microns in size or smaller. NEA identifies it as the main pollutant of concern during smoke haze. These particles affect air quality even when the visible haze is less obvious than the underlying pollution levels suggest.
Haze can affect indoor air as well as outdoor air. NEA says fine particles can enter air-conditioned buildings through fresh-air intakes and openings or gaps, then accumulate indoors to unhealthy levels. The particles can also adversely affect air-conditioning systems. This does not mean indoor exposure can be eliminated simply by closing windows, or establish that any particular purifier guarantees protection. NEA’s haze guidance
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What does PSI mean, and how is it different from PM2.5?
The Pollutant Standards Index (PSI) communicates air-quality severity; NEA describes readings of 101 and above as unhealthy. PM2.5 is a pollutant measurement, while PSI is an index used to describe overall air quality. They are related, but the readings are not interchangeable and should not be treated as a personal diagnosis or a complete estimate of an individual’s health risk.
| Reading | What it tells you | How to use it |
|---|---|---|
| 1-hour PM2.5 | A short-term reading of fine-particle concentration. | NEA advises using it to guide immediate outdoor activity decisions. |
| 24-hour PSI and forecast | Air-quality severity over a longer period, including the forecast. | Use it with NEA’s health advisory to plan ahead. |
Because the measurements serve different purposes, check the relevant reading and advisory rather than relying on one number alone. For current conditions, consult NEA’s haze information, its website or the myENV app; episode reports are time-stamped snapshots, not live readings. NEA’s explanation of the readings · NEA myENV app guide
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How can haze affect health, and is it safe to exercise outdoors?
There is no single outdoor-activity rule that fits everyone. NEA says the health effects depend on a person’s health status, the PSI level, and the duration and intensity of outdoor activity. Its guidance distinguishes healthy people from older people, pregnant people and children, and people with chronic lung or heart disease.
When the 24-hour PSI is unhealthy, NEA advises reducing, minimising or avoiding prolonged or strenuous outdoor exertion depending on the group. Check the current advisory for your group and the latest 1-hour PM2.5 reading before deciding whether to exercise outside. Readings and forecasts can change, so an earlier advisory may no longer reflect conditions.
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What have recent Singapore haze readings shown?
The following figures are historical NEA reports from September 2026, not current readings. They illustrate how readings can vary across places and times:
- 4 September 2026: Central Singapore reached 101 on the 24-hour PSI at 7am, entering the unhealthy range. NEA said this was the first haze-related unhealthy PSI reading since 8 October 2023. NEA government-agencies update
- 14 September 2026: At 6pm, NEA reported 1-hour PM2.5 readings of 56–115 μg/m³ and a 24-hour PSI range of 88–117. It linked the smoke transport to east-southeasterly winds and fires in Kalimantan and southern Sumatra. NEA: 14 September 2026 update
- 29 September 2026: At 6pm, the 24-hour PSI ranged from 107 to 157 across Singapore as smoke haze from Kalimantan fires drifted towards the island. NEA: 29 September 2026 update
Where can I check Singapore’s current PSI and haze advice?
Use NEA’s Managing Haze page for guidance and links to current conditions, or check NEA’s haze microsite and myENV app. For an immediate outdoor decision, look at 1-hour PM2.5; for planning, use the 24-hour PSI forecast and the advisory that applies to your group. Do not use a dated news report as a substitute for current readings.
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