Use CSS image-set() to let the browser choose an image format and resolution, and keep a regular background-image declaration before it as a fallback. For a photographic background, offer only the AVIF, WebP, and JPEG variants your design needs, with accurate MIME type hints and density descriptors.
How image-set() chooses a CSS image
image-set() gives the browser a set of CSS image candidates and lets it select one based on supported formats and resolution. A type() hint identifies a candidate’s MIME type; a descriptor such as 1x or 2x identifies its pixel density. The browser can skip a format it cannot decode. See MDN’s image-set() reference.
Resolution is also a choice for the browser, not a command to download the largest file. A lower-density candidate may suit a device or connection where the higher-resolution image is not worthwhile. The user agent makes the selection using the options you provide.
A practical CSS pattern
.hero {
background-image: url("/hero.jpg"); /* fallback */
background-image: image-set(
url("/hero.avif") type("image/avif") 1x,
url("/hero.webp") type("image/webp") 1x,
url("/hero.jpg") type("image/jpeg") 1x,
url("/hero@2x.avif") type("image/avif") 2x,
url("/hero@2x.webp") type("image/webp") 2x,
url("/hero@2x.jpg") type("image/jpeg") 2x
);
background-size: cover;
}The first declaration supplies a conventional fallback for browsers that do not support the function. Keep the asset bytes consistent with each declared MIME type; a file named .avif must actually contain AVIF data when advertised as image/avif. The candidate list is an example, not a requirement to generate every format and density.
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image-set() selects the image source, not how the background is laid out. Set background-size, background-position, and repeat behavior explicitly to match the design.
Choose formats for the image, not just the extension
Modern WebP and AVIF can compress better than PNG or JPEG, which can reduce transfer size and image download time; the actual result depends on the source image, encoding choices, and visual quality target. There is no universal percentage saving that applies to every image. web.dev’s image performance guidance recommends choosing and evaluating formats for the image rather than assuming one format always wins.
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- AVIF: A strong candidate for photographic or complex imagery when target browsers support it. MDN describes it as a high-performance, royalty-free format.
- WebP: A modern option that can serve as a broadly supported alternative where AVIF is unavailable or unsuitable.
- JPEG: A practical compatibility candidate for photographs.
- PNG: Consider it when lossless encoding or transparency matters. It is not automatically smaller than other options.
Compare encoded bytes alongside perceptual quality, transparency or lossless requirements, browser support, and decode cost. A photographic hero, transparent logo, and flat illustration can call for different formats and encoding settings. MDN’s image file type guide describes the trade-offs and support context for common web image formats.
Build a small, useful candidate set
- Start with the design’s real needs. Decide whether the image needs transparency, whether it is photographic or illustrative, and which display densities are worth serving. A compact set such as AVIF, WebP, and JPEG at 1x and 2x is one possible starting point, not a default mandate.
- Encode and name the variants deliberately. Ensure each file’s content matches its URL and
type()hint. Avoid adding combinations that do not meaningfully improve quality, support, or delivery. - Keep the fallback declaration. Put the ordinary
background-image: url(...)beforeimage-set()so browsers without suitable support retain an image option. web.dev illustrates this fallback pattern in its CSS image-set guidance. - Test what users receive. Check selected assets and transferred bytes in representative browsers, devices, and network conditions. Measure the performance metric that matters for the page, such as Largest Contentful Paint (LCP), rather than treating a smaller source file as proof of a faster experience.
More candidates mean more files to encode, store, deploy, and potentially cache. Keep the set proportionate to real browser and design needs; support and decode speed can vary with both browser and image content.
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Use CSS backgrounds only for decorative images
A CSS background does not provide a text alternative to assistive technology. If the image conveys information, use semantic HTML with an appropriate alt attribute, typically an <img> or a <picture> containing an image. Use image-set() for CSS images such as decorative backgrounds, not as a replacement for meaningful image content.
Evaluate the result in context
There is no single best candidate list for every site. Compare bytes, visual quality, image purpose, browser coverage, resolution choices, decoding behavior, caching, and the page’s measured performance. A smaller download may help, but the useful outcome is an image that looks right, reaches the intended users, and improves the experience you are measuring.
Quick Recap
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- 16MP Sensor: Captures detailed photos with a CMOS sensor for everyday shooting
- Optical Zoom: 5x optical zoom with a 28mm wide angle lens for flexible framing indoors or outdoors
- Full HD Video: Records 1080p video for travel clips, family moments, or simple vlogging
- Memory Support: Works with Class 10 SD, SDHC, or SDXC cards up to 512GB
- Rechargeable Battery: Included LB-012 lithium-ion battery charges in the camera over USB with the supplied adapter in about 2 hours; charge it for at least 4 hours before first use to maximize battery life
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