For most full-height mobile layouts, you can replace a JavaScript height workaround with the CSS viewport unit that matches the behavior you want: use 100svh to fit while browser controls are expanded, 100lvh to size against the largest viewport, or 100dvh to follow the viewport as browser controls change. The default 100vh corresponds to the large viewport, so it may be taller than the space available with browser controls showing.
Why 100vh can be too tall on mobile
Mobile browsers may show or retract their address and navigation bars as a person scrolls. The large viewport describes the viewport with retractable browser interfaces hidden. Because vh is equivalent to lvh, an element set to height: 100vh can extend behind browser controls when they are visible. MDN explains the relationship between vh and lvh.
CSS now offers small, large, and dynamic viewport units so a layout can choose how it responds to that browser UI. The right choice depends on whether you prioritize keeping the content in view, filling the largest possible area, or tracking changes as they happen. MDN documents the definitions and tradeoffs of these viewport units.
Choose the viewport unit that fits the layout
| Unit | When browser controls are expanded | Stability while scrolling | What happens when controls retract |
|---|---|---|---|
svh |
Sizes against the small viewport, helping keep the section within the available space. | Stable as retractable browser UI changes. | May leave unused space. |
lvh |
Sizes against the largest viewport, so browser controls may cover part of the sized area. | Does not track the changing browser UI. | Fills the largest viewport. |
dvh |
Tracks the dynamic viewport as browser UI expands or retracts. | Can resize during scrolling. | Adjusts with the current viewport; resizing may disrupt some interfaces or affect performance. |
Use svh when fitting with controls open matters
For a hero or section that should fit while the browser’s retractable controls are visible, use the small viewport unit:
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.hero {
min-height: 100svh;
}This keeps the sizing stable as the browser UI changes. The tradeoff is that the section may not fill the extra space available after the controls retract.
Use dvh when the layout should track the viewport
Choose the dynamic unit when the element should follow the currently available viewport height:
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.fullscreen-panel {
min-height: 100dvh;
}That responsiveness can also be a drawback: the panel may change size while a person scrolls. Avoid treating 100dvh as a universal fix, especially for interfaces where movement or resizing is distracting.
Use lvh when filling the largest viewport is intentional
100lvh explicitly requests the largest viewport height. It is appropriate when filling that maximum area is the intended design, and acceptable when visible browser controls may overlap the element’s area.
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Keep a fallback for browsers you support
If your project supports older or unverified browsers, retain a deliberate fallback and check the units against your browser-support policy before relying on them. For example, a fallback can declare 100vh first and then override it where the newer unit is supported:
.hero {
min-height: 100vh;
min-height: 100svh;
}The fallback may retain the original mobile behavior in browsers that do not support svh; test the result on the browsers your project targets. The cited references describe the units and their tradeoffs but do not establish a complete version-by-version support matrix.
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Set the mobile viewport correctly
For a responsive mobile page, include a viewport meta tag with width=device-width:
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">Without appropriate viewport configuration, some mobile browsers use a wider virtual layout viewport. See MDN’s viewport meta element reference.
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When JavaScript is actually needed
Changing a normal full-height section to use svh, lvh, or dvh is a CSS sizing decision; it usually does not require measuring the screen in JavaScript. A separate case is an interaction that specifically needs the visual viewport’s pixel height, such as one whose behavior depends on the area currently visible around an on-screen keyboard.
The visual viewport can shrink independently while the layout viewport remains unchanged. In that narrower case, VisualViewport.height provides the visual viewport measurement. It is not a general replacement for choosing the right CSS unit for a full-height section. MDN describes the visual and layout viewport distinction, and documents VisualViewport.height.
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