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SpaceX launched Firefly Aerospace’s Blue Ghost and ispace’s RESILIENCE on the same Falcon 9 flight on January 15, 2025. Their outcomes diverged: Blue Ghost made a successful landing in Mare Crisium on March 2, while RESILIENCE reached lunar orbit but failed during its June 6, 2025, Japan time landing attempt.

What happened to the two landers?

The shared launch did not make these a single mission. After liftoff, the spacecraft separated and followed different routes to the Moon, with different operators, goals, and landing dates.

Mission Operator and program Route and key dates Outcome
Blue Ghost Mission 1 Firefly Aerospace; NASA Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) delivery Launched January 15, 2025; entered a highly elliptical Earth orbit after separation and planned roughly 45 days of transit and orbital operations; landed March 2, 2025 Successful landing near Mons Latreille in Mare Crisium
RESILIENCE Mission 2 ispace commercial mission; not a NASA CLPS delivery Launched January 15, 2025; followed a low-energy transfer and entered lunar orbit May 7, 2025; attempted landing June 6, Japan time Landing was not confirmed; ispace concluded the mission after losing telemetry during descent

NASA describes CLPS as a program that contracts American companies to deliver NASA instruments and technology demonstrations to the lunar surface. Blue Ghost was part of that program. RESILIENCE was a separate ispace mission, even though both spacecraft shared the launch.

Blue Ghost landed and operated on the Moon

NASA confirmed that Blue Ghost touched down near Mons Latreille in Mare Crisium at 3:34 a.m. EST on March 2, 2025. It was Firefly’s first lunar landing. The lander carried 10 NASA science and technology instruments, with planned surface operations lasting about one lunar day, or approximately 14 Earth days.

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The instruments tested or demonstrated technologies and investigations relevant to lunar exploration, including subsurface drilling, regolith sample collection, navigation using satellite signals, radiation-tolerant computing, and lunar dust mitigation. NASA later reported that Blue Ghost traveled more than 2.8 million miles and downlinked more than 27 GB of data.

NASA acting Administrator Janet Petro said after the landing: “This incredible achievement demonstrates how NASA and American companies are leading the way in space exploration for the benefit of all.” NASA Associate Administrator for Science Nicky Fox said the science and technology sent to the Moon “helps prepare the way for future NASA exploration and long-term human presence.”

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RESILIENCE reached lunar orbit, but its landing attempt failed

ispace reported that RESILIENCE entered lunar orbit on May 7, 2025, after an approximately two-month low-energy transfer. The company had planned to land no earlier than June 5 UTC, which was June 6 in Japan.

During the June 6 JST descent, RESILIENCE descended from about 100 km to about 20 km and fired its main engine. ispace then lost telemetry and received no data confirming a successful landing, so it concluded the mission. The company said the lander’s laser rangefinder was delayed in obtaining valid surface-distance readings. Without those readings, RESILIENCE could not slow enough for the planned landing. Based on the available data, ispace said a hard landing was likely; the impact site was not confirmed.

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Why sharing a launch did not mean sharing a mission

The Falcon 9 flight carried two independently operated spacecraft, not a pair designed to land together. Blue Ghost followed its planned route from a highly elliptical Earth orbit, while RESILIENCE used a longer, low-energy transfer to lunar orbit. Their elapsed travel times should not be treated as a speed comparison: the missions used different trajectories and pursued distinct objectives.

Blue Ghost’s assignment was to deliver NASA payloads under CLPS and operate on the lunar surface. RESILIENCE was an ispace commercial mission with its own landing attempt. Their shared launch is the connection; their programs, payload purposes, and outcomes remained separate.

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What the missions show

Blue Ghost demonstrated a successful commercial delivery of NASA instruments to the lunar surface. RESILIENCE’s outcome illustrates how a spacecraft can reach lunar orbit and still fail at the final, highly demanding landing phase. Together, the missions show two different paths in commercial lunar exploration—not a head-to-head test of lander performance.

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