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Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsFix Now →A power-management integrated circuit (PMIC) can coordinate a board’s power rails, input sources and related functions, but it is not required on every board. Quentin Schulz’s 2017 Embedded Linux Conference presentation, “Power Management Integrated Circuits: Keep the power in your hands,” explains the role of a PMIC and illustrates how Linux can expose its functions through cooperating drivers. Its AXP20X examples are historical implementation examples, not current compatibility or product-availability guidance.
What a PMIC does on a board
A PMIC is a board-level chip for managing power. Schulz describes it as handling the board’s power sequence, supplying components, and providing protection against unsupported overvoltage and undervoltage. Depending on the device, it may also manage multiple external power sources and expose auxiliary functions. Many PMICs are configurable by software, often over I²C.
A PMIC is an option, not a universal requirement: the presentation cites Raspberry Pi and Orange Pi boards as examples that do not use one. A board’s power architecture determines whether an integrated chip is suitable or necessary.
How PMIC regulators supply board components
Components on a board may require different supply voltages. PMICs can integrate DC-DC converters and low-dropout (LDO) regulators to provide those rails. The rails, their startup order and the board’s power consumption are connected design concerns: components need appropriate power at the appropriate time, and unused rails may be disabled to reduce consumption.
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Some regulator outputs can be adjusted in software. Where the chip, board and software support it, changing a rail’s voltage can help adapt to load or thermal conditions and can support dynamic voltage and frequency scaling (DVFS) for CPUs or GPUs. The presentation describes these capabilities generally; the actual rails, ranges and control options depend on a particular PMIC and board.
Power inputs and battery functions vary by chip
A PMIC may accept power from sources such as an AC adapter, USB and a battery, select among available inputs according to their state, and manage battery charging. What it can observe and control is family-specific. Schulz contrasts information exposed by AXP20X and AXP22X Linux drivers; that comparison should not be read as a feature list for every PMIC.
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Battery-related blocks can include a fuel gauge and ADC channels for voltage or current measurements. Estimating charge from voltage alone is approximate: open-circuit voltage varies with battery characteristics, environment, age, charge history and use. A fuel gauge therefore is not simply a linear conversion from measured voltage to a percentage.
Other functions a PMIC may integrate
Depending on the chip, related functions can include reset-button handling, GPIO, an RTC with a backup battery, and ADC inputs. Some pins may have more than one role, such as functioning as GPIO or ADC inputs. These are possible integrations, not features guaranteed by the PMIC label.
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How Linux represents PMIC functions
One physical PMIC can expose several kinds of functionality, and Linux can represent them with cooperating subsystem drivers rather than one monolithic interface. In the AXP20X examples in Schulz’s presentation:
- Regulators: The regulator framework represents voltage regulators; the example driver registers regulator descriptors.
- Power supplies: A power-supply driver can expose properties such as USB presence and voltage.
- Measurements: PMIC ADC readings can be integrated through the Industrial I/O (IIO) subsystem.
- Shared chip services: The multi-function device (MFD) layer coordinates function-specific child drivers, maps interrupts and shares register access through regmap.
This is an architectural illustration from a 2017 presentation. The file names, APIs and support shown there are not verified here against a current Linux kernel release; check documentation and source for the exact chip and kernel version when implementing a board.
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How to evaluate a PMIC for a real design
The presentation is not a comparison of competing models. For an actual design, use the exact chip datasheet, board documentation and software-support information to assess:
- Required rails, voltage ranges, current capacity and regulator types.
- Supported input sources, source-selection behavior and battery-charging requirements.
- Power sequencing and protection, plus any monitoring, ADC, GPIO, RTC or fuel-gauge functions the board needs.
- Host interface, interrupt behavior, software configurability and documented Linux support for the exact chip and kernel.
- Package and board-layout constraints, thermal conditions, lifecycle and procurement availability.
The AXP20X family is a useful example for understanding the talk’s Linux-driver discussion, but the presentation does not establish current part availability, compatibility with a particular board, or support in a current kernel. Verify those details against current model-specific documentation before selecting hardware.
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